Index of /handbook/book.html

FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE · См.:

cron
X
X
inetd.conf
exports
boot0
boot2
/etc/ttys
adduser
rmuser
chpass
chpass
dump
dump
RSH
vnconfig
mdconfig
mdconfig
mdmfs
mdconfig
mdmfs
/etc/ttys
src/
Моноширинный шрифт
Моноширинных шрифт
+
E:\>
E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\kern.flp A:

root
# dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0

% top

ia64
commit
make install
pkg_add
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/index.html
/usr/share/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/index.html
165
C:
fdisk
tools
C:
D:
C:
D:
D:
C:
C:
SHOW DEVICE
>>>SHOW DEVICE
dka0.0.0.4.0               DKA0           TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57  3476
dkc0.0.0.1009.0            DKC0                       RZ1BB-BS  0658
dkc100.1.0.1009.0          DKC100             SEAGATE ST34501W  0015
dva0.0.0.0.1               DVA0
ewa0.0.0.3.0               EWA0              00-00-F8-75-6D-01
pkc0.7.0.1009.0            PKC0                  SCSI Bus ID 7  5.27
pqa0.0.0.4.0               PQA0                       PCI EIDE
pqb0.0.1.4.0               PQB0                       PCI EIDE

DKA0
DKC0
DKC100
DKx
DKA100
DKC300
PKx
SHOW DEVICE
DQx
PQx
floppies/
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/<arch>/<version>-RELEASE/floppies/
<arch>
<version>
.flp
floppies/
kern.flp
mfsroot.flp
boot.flp
kern1.flp
kern2.flp
README.TXT
drivers.flp
.flp
fdimage
E:
E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\kern.flp A:

.flp
.flp
fdimage
tools
# dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0

/dev/fd0
A:
/dev/fd1
B:
Last Chance: Are you SURE you want continue the installation?

If you're running this on a disk with data you wish to save then WE
STRONGLY ENCOURAGE YOU TO MAKE PROPER BACKUPS before proceeding!

We can take no responsibility for lost disk contents!

Floppy
CDROM
First Hard Disk
kern.flp
Verifying DMI Pool Data ........
Boot from ATAPI CD-ROM :
 1. FD 2.88MB  System Type-(00)
Uncompressing ... done

BTX loader 1.00 BTX version is 1.01
Console: internal video/keyboard
BIOS drive A: is disk0
BIOS drive B: is disk1
BIOS drive C: is disk2
BIOS drive D: is disk3
BIOS 639kB/261120kB available memory

FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 0.8

/kernel text=0x277391 data=0x3268c+0x332a8 |

|
Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt.
Booting [kernel] in 9 seconds... _

Verifying DMI Pool Data ........

BTX loader 1.00  BTX version is 1.01
Console: internal video/keyboard
BIOS drive A: is disk0
BIOS drive C: is disk1
BIOS 639kB/261120kB available memory

FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 0.8
/kernel text=0x277391 data=0x3268c+0x332a8 |

Please insert MFS root floppy and press enter:

kern.flp
mfsroot.flp
Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt.
Booting [kernel] in 9 seconds... _

kern.flp
>>>BOOT DVA0 -FLAGS '' -FILE ''

>>>BOOT DKA0 -FLAGS '' -FILE ''

Please insert MFS root floppy and press enter:

kern.flp
mfsroot.flp
Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or any other key for command prompt.
Booting [kernel] in 9 seconds... _

sa
sio
Storage
Network
CONF
Inactive Drivers
Inactive Drivers
sc0
atkbd0
atkbd0
-1
-1
Save these parameters before exiting? ([Y]es/[N]o/[C]ancel)

avail memory = 253050880 (247120K bytes)
Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc0817000.
Preloaded mfs_root "/mfsroot" at 0xc0817084.
md0: Preloaded image </mfsroot> 4423680 bytes at 0xc03ddcd4

md1: Malloc disk
Using $PIR table, 4 entries at 0xc00fde60
npx0: <math processor> on motherboard
npx0: INT 16 interface
pcib0: <Host to PCI bridge> on motherboard
pci0: <PCI bus> on pcib0
pcib1:<VIA 82C598MVP (Apollo MVP3) PCI-PCI (AGP) bridge> at device 1.0 on pci0
pci1: <PCI bus> on pcib1
pci1: <Matrox MGA G200 AGP graphics accelerator> at 0.0 irq 11
isab0: <VIA 82C586 PCI-ISA bridge> at device 7.0 on pci0
isa0: <iSA bus> on isab0
atapci0: <VIA 82C586 ATA33 controller> port 0xe000-0xe00f at device 7.1 on pci0
ata0: at 0x1f0 irq 14 on atapci0
ata1: at 0x170 irq 15 on atapci0
uhci0 <VIA 83C572 USB controller> port 0xe400-0xe41f irq 10 at device 7.2 on pci
0
usb0: <VIA 83572 USB controller> on uhci0
usb0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0: VIA UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr1
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
pci0: <unknown card> (vendor=0x1106, dev=0x3040) at 7.3
dc0: <ADMtek AN985 10/100BaseTX> port 0xe800-0xe8ff mem 0xdb000000-0xeb0003ff ir
q 11 at device 8.0 on pci0
dc0: Ethernet address: 00:04:5a:74:6b:b5
miibus0: <MII bus> on dc0
ukphy0: <Generic IEEE 802.3u media interface> on miibus0
ukphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto
ed0: <NE2000 PCI Ethernet (RealTek 8029)> port 0xec00-0xec1f irq 9 at device 10.
0 on pci0
ed0 address 52:54:05:de:73:1b, type NE2000 (16 bit)
isa0: too many dependant configs (8)
isa0: unexpected small tag 14
orm0: <Option ROM> at iomem 0xc0000-0xc7fff on isa0
fdc0: <NEC 72065B or clone> at port 0x3f0-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq2 on isa0
fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold
fd0: <1440-KB 3.5" drive> on fdc0 drive 0
atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)> at port 0x60,0x64 on isa0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> flags 0x1 irq1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: model Generic PS/@ mouse, device ID 0
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa0
sio1: type 16550A
ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
pppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/15 bytes threshold
plip0: <PLIP network interface> on ppbus0
ad0: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata0-master UDMA33
acd0: CD-RW <LITE-ON LTR-1210B> at ata1-slave PIO4
Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
/stand/sysinstall running as init on vty0

                      User Confirmation Requested
         Are you sure you wish to exit? The system will reboot
           (be sure to remove any floppies from the drives).

                            [ Yes ]    No

mfsroot.flp
kern.flp
                                 Message
 In the next menu, you will need to set up a DOS-style ("fdisk")
 partitioning scheme for your hard disk. If you simply wish to devote
 all disk space to FreeBSD (overwriting anything else that might be on
 the disk(s) selected) then use the (A)ll command to select the default
 partitioning scheme followed by a (Q)uit. If you wish to allocate only
 free space to FreeBSD, move to a partition marked "unused" and use the
 (C)reate command.
                                [  OK  ]

                      [ Press enter or space ]

ad0
ad2
ad1
ad0
ad1
ad1
ad1
ad2
ad1s1a
ad2
ad0
ad1
ad0
ad2
C:
неиспользуемая (unused)
A
Flags
a
h
b
c
d
a
/
/
b
e
/var
/var
f
/usr
/usr
b
a
b
e
n
a
e
a
/
/diskn
n
                                 Message
 Now, you need to create BSD partitions inside of the fdisk
 partition(s) just created. If you have a reasonable amount of disk
 space (200 MB or more) and don't have any special requirements, simply
 use the (A)uto command to allocate space automatically. If you have
 more specific needs or just don't care for the layout chosen by
 (A)uto, press F1 for more information on manual layout.

                                [  OK  ]
                          [ Press enter or space ]

именем раздела (Partition name)
/tmp
/
/
a
/
M
G
C
Custom Newfs
Auto Defaults
Custom Newfs
Custom
Newfs
/
/usr
X
                         User Confirmation Requested
 Would you like to install the FreeBSD ports collection?

 This will give you ready access to over 13,300 ported software packages,
 at a cost of around 440 MB of disk space when "clean" and possibly much
 more than that if a lot of the distribution tarballs are loaded
 (unless you have the extra CDs from a FreeBSD CD/DVD distribution
 available and can mount it on /cdrom, in which case this is far less
 of a problem).

 The ports collection is a very valuable resource and well worth having
 on your /usr partition, so it is advisable to say Yes to this option.

 For more information on the ports collection & the latest ports,
 visit:
     http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports

                              [ Yes ]     No

ftp.FreeBSD.org
foo.example.com
ftp@ftp.FreeBSD.org
ftp://foo.example.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD
/pub/FreeBSD
ftp.FreeBSD.org
foo.example.com
ftp.FreeBSD.org
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Last Chance! Are you SURE you want to continue the installation?

 If you're running this on a disk with data you wish to save then WE
 STRONGLY ENCOURAGE YOU TO MAKE PROPER BACKUPS before proceeding!

 We can take no responsibility for lost disk contents!

                             [ Yes ]    No

                               Message

Congratulations! You now have FreeBSD installed on your system.

We will now move on to the final configuration questions.
For any option you do not wish to configure, simply select No.

If you wish to re-enter this utility after the system is up, you may
do so by typing: /stand/sysinstall .

                                 [ OK ]

                      [  Press enter to continue  ]

                                Message
Installation complete with some errors.  You may wish to scroll
through the debugging messages on VTY1 with the scroll-lock feature.
You can also choose "No" at the next prompt and go back into the
installation menus to retry whichever operations have failed.

                                 [ OK ]

sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
                      User Confirmation Requested
   Would you like to configure any Ethernet or SLIP/PPP network devices?

                             [ Yes ]   No

                      User Confirmation Requested
       Do you want to try IPv6 configuration of the interface?

                              Yes   [ No ]

                             User Confirmation Requested
    Do you want to try DHCP configuration of the interface?

                              Yes   [ No ]

k6-2.example.com
example.com
208.163.10.2
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.0
192.168.255.255
255.255.255.0
ifconfig
                      User Confirmation Requested
    Would you like to Bring Up the ed0 interface right now?

                             [ Yes ]   No

                       User Confirmation Requested
       Do you want this machine to function as a network gateway?

                              [ Yes ]    No

                      User Confirmation Requested
Do you want to configure inetd and the network services that it provides?

                               Yes   [ No ]

/etc/inetd.conf
                      User Confirmation Requested
The Internet Super Server (inetd) allows a number of simple Internet
services to be enabled, including finger, ftp and telnetd.  Enabling
these services may increase risk of security problems by increasing
the exposure of your system.

With this in mind, do you wish to enable inetd?

                             [ Yes ]   No

                      User Confirmation Requested
inetd(8) relies on its configuration file, /etc/inetd.conf, to determine
which of its Internet services will be available.  The default FreeBSD
inetd.conf(5) leaves all services disabled by default, so they must be
specifically enabled in the configuration file before they will
function, even once inetd(8) is enabled.  Note that services for
IPv6 must be separately enabled from IPv4 services.

Select [Yes] now to invoke an editor on /etc/inetd.conf, or [No] to
use the current settings.

                             [ Yes ]   No

#
inetd.conf
                      User Confirmation Requested
 Do you want to have anonymous FTP access to this machine?

                              Yes    [ No ]

This screen allows you to configure the anonymous FTP user.

The following configuration values are editable:

UID:     The user ID you wish to assign to the anonymous FTP user.
         All files uploaded will be owned by this ID.

Group:   Which group you wish the anonymous FTP user to be in.

Comment: String describing this user in /etc/passwd

FTP Root Directory:

        Where files available for anonymous FTP will be kept.

Upload subdirectory:

        Where files uploaded by anonymous FTP users will go.

/var
/usr
/usr/ftp
                          User Confirmation Requested
         Create a welcome message file for anonymous FTP users?

                              [ Yes ]    No

ee
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS server?

                              Yes    [ No ]

exports
                               Message
Operating as an NFS server means that you must first configure an
/etc/exports file to indicate which hosts are allowed certain kinds of
access to your local filesystems.
Press [Enter] now to invoke an editor on /etc/exports
                               [ OK ]

exports
exports
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS client?

                              Yes   [ No ]

/etc/rc.conf
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Do you want to select a default security profile for this host (select
 No for "medium" security)?

                            [ Yes ]    No

                                 Message

Moderate security settings have been selected.

Sendmail and SSHd have been enabled, securelevels are
disabled, and NFS server setting have been left intact.
PLEASE NOTE that this still does not save you from having
to properly secure your system in other ways or exercise
due diligence in your administration, this simply picks
a standard set of out-of-box defaults to start with.

To change any of these settings later, edit /etc/rc.conf

                                  [OK]

                                 Message

Extreme security settings have been selected.

Sendmail, SSHd, and NFS services have been disabled, and
securelevels have been enabled.
PLEASE NOTE that this still does not save you from having
to properly secure your system in other ways or exercise
due diligence in your administration, this simply picks
a more secure set of out-of-box defaults to start with.

To change any of these settings later, edit /etc/rc.conf

                                  [OK]

                      User Confirmation Requested
       Would you like to customize your system console settings?

                              [ Yes ]  No

                      User Confirmation Requested
          Would you like to set this machine's time zone now?

                            [ Yes ]   No

                       User Confirmation Requested
 Is this machine's CMOS clock set to UTC? If it is set to local time
 or you don't know, please choose NO here!

                              Yes   [ No ]

                            Confirmation
            Does the abbreviation 'EDT' look reasonable?

                            [ Yes ]   No

                      User Confirmation Requested
          Would you like to enable Linux binary compatibility?

                            [ Yes ]   No

                      User Confirmation Requested
         Does this system have a non-USB mouse attached to it?

                            [ Yes ]    No

/etc/rc.conf
-a /.amd_mnt -l syslog /host /etc/amd.map /net /etc/amd.map

/.amd_mnt
log
syslogd
/host
/net
/etc/amd.map
net/pcnfsd
rpcbind
/var/db/statd.status
rwhod
root
x11/wrapper
                      User Confirmation Requested
        Would you like to configure your X server at this time?

                            [ Yes ]   No

sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
                                Message
 You have configured and been running the mouse daemon.
 Choose "/dev/sysmouse" as the mouse port and "SysMouse" or
 "MouseSystems" as the mouse protocol in the X configuration utility.

                                 [ OK ]

                      [ Press enter to continue ]

This program will create a basic XF86Config file, based on menu selections you
make.

The XF86Config file usually resides in /usr/X11R6/etc/X11 or /etc/X11. A sample
XF86Config file is supplied with XFree86; it is configured for a standard
VGA card and monitor with 640x480 resolution. This program will ask for a
pathname when it is ready to write the file.

You can either take the sample XF86Config as a base and edit it for your
configuration, or let this program produce a base XF86Config file for your
configuration and fine-tune it.

Before continuing with this program, make sure you know what video card
you have, and preferably also the chipset it uses and the amount of video
memory on your video card. SuperProbe may be able to help with this.

Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.

/dev/sysmouse
First specify a mouse protocol type. Choose one from the following list:

 1.  Microsoft compatible (2-button protocol)
 2.  Mouse Systems (3-button protocol) & FreeBSD moused protocol
 3.  Bus Mouse
 4.  PS/2 Mouse
 5.  Logitech Mouse (serial, old type, Logitech protocol)
 6.  Logitech MouseMan (Microsoft compatible)
 7.  MM Series
 8.  MM HitTablet
 9.  Microsoft IntelliMouse

If you have a two-button mouse, it is most likely of type 1, and if you have
a three-button mouse, it can probably support both protocol 1 and 2. There are
two main varieties of the latter type: mice with a switch to select the
protocol, and mice that default to 1 and require a button to be held at
boot-time to select protocol 2. Some mice can be convinced to do 2 by sending
a special sequence to the serial port (see the ClearDTR/ClearRTS options).

Enter a protocol number: 2

You have selected a Mouse Systems protocol mouse. If your mouse is normally
in Microsoft-compatible mode, enabling the ClearDTR and ClearRTS options
may cause it to switch to Mouse Systems mode when the server starts.

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want to enable ClearDTR and ClearRTS? n

You have selected a three-button mouse protocol. It is recommended that you
do not enable Emulate3Buttons, unless the third button doesn't work.

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want to enable Emulate3Buttons? y

Now give the full device name that the mouse is connected to, for example
/dev/tty00. Just pressing enter will use the default, /dev/mouse.
On FreeBSD, the default is /dev/sysmouse.

Mouse device: /dev/sysmouse

Please select one of the following keyboard types that is the better
description of your keyboard. If nothing really matches,
choose 1 (Generic 101-key PC)

  1  Generic 101-key PC
  2  Generic 102-key (Intl) PC
  3  Generic 104-key PC
  4  Generic 105-key (Intl) PC
  5  Dell 101-key PC
  6  Everex STEPnote
  7  Keytronic FlexPro
  8  Microsoft Natural
  9  Northgate OmniKey 101
 10  Winbook Model XP5
 11  Japanese 106-key
 12  PC-98xx Series
 13  Brazilian ABNT2
 14  HP Internet
 15  Logitech iTouch
 16  Logitech Cordless Desktop Pro
 17  Logitech Internet Keyboard
 18  Logitech Internet Navigator Keyboard
 19  Compaq Internet
 20  Microsoft Natural Pro
 21  Genius Comfy KB-16M
 22  IBM Rapid Access
 23  IBM Rapid Access II
 24  Chicony Internet Keyboard
 25  Dell Internet Keyboard

Enter a number to choose the keyboard.

1

Please select the layout corresponding to your keyboard

  1  U.S. English
  2  U.S. English w/ ISO9995-3
  3  U.S. English w/ deadkeys
  4  Albanian
  5  Arabic
  6  Armenian
  7  Azerbaidjani
  8  Belarusian
  9  Belgian
 10  Bengali
 11  Brazilian
 12  Bulgarian
 13  Burmese
 14  Canadian
 15  Croatian
 16  Czech
 17  Czech (qwerty)
 18  Danish

Enter a number to choose the country.
Press enter for the next page

1

Please enter a variant name for 'us' layout. Or just press enter
for default variant

us

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want to select additional XKB options (group switcher,
group indicator, etc.)? n

Now we want to set the specifications of the monitor. The two critical
parameters are the vertical refresh rate, which is the rate at which the
whole screen is refreshed, and most importantly the horizontal sync rate,
which is the rate at which scanlines are displayed.

The valid range for horizontal sync and vertical sync should be documented
in the manual of your monitor. If in doubt, check the monitor database
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/Monitors to see if your monitor is there.

Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.

You must indicate the horizontal sync range of your monitor. You can either
select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry-
standard monitor types, or give a specific range.

It is VERY IMPORTANT that you do not specify a monitor type with a horizontal
sync range that is beyond the capabilities of your monitor. If in doubt,
choose a conservative setting.

    hsync in kHz; monitor type with characteristic modes
 1  31.5; Standard VGA, 640x480 @ 60 Hz
 2  31.5 - 35.1; Super VGA, 800x600 @ 56 Hz
 3  31.5, 35.5; 8514 Compatible, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced (no 800x600)
 4  31.5, 35.15, 35.5; Super VGA, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced, 800x600 @ 56 Hz
 5  31.5 - 37.9; Extended Super VGA, 800x600 @ 60 Hz, 640x480 @ 72 Hz
 6  31.5 - 48.5; Non-Interlaced SVGA, 1024x768 @ 60 Hz, 800x600 @ 72 Hz
 7  31.5 - 57.0; High Frequency SVGA, 1024x768 @ 70 Hz
 8  31.5 - 64.3; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 60 Hz
 9  31.5 - 79.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 74 Hz
10  31.5 - 82.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 76 Hz
11  Enter your own horizontal sync range

Enter your choice (1-11): 6

You must indicate the vertical sync range of your monitor. You can either
select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry-
standard monitor types, or give a specific range. For interlaced modes,
the number that counts is the high one (e.g. 87 Hz rather than 43 Hz).

 1  50-70
 2  50-90
 3  50-100
 4  40-150
 5  Enter your own vertical sync range

Enter your choice: 2

You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely an
identifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fill
in default names.

The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed.
Enter an identifier for your monitor definition: Hitachi

Now we must configure video card specific settings. At this point you can
choose to make a selection out of a database of video card definitions.
Because there can be variation in Ramdacs and clock generators even
between cards of the same model, it is not sensible to blindly copy
the settings (e.g. a Device section). For this reason, after you make a
selection, you will still be asked about the components of the card, with
the settings from the chosen database entry presented as a strong hint.

The database entries include information about the chipset, what driver to
run, the Ramdac and ClockChip, and comments that will be included in the
Device section. However, a lot of definitions only hint about what driver
to run (based on the chipset the card uses) and are untested.

If you can't find your card in the database, there's nothing to worry about.
You should only choose a database entry that is exactly the same model as
your card; choosing one that looks similar is just a bad idea (e.g. a
GemStone Snail 64 may be as different from a GemStone Snail 64+ in terms of
hardware as can be).

Do you want to look at the card database? y

288  Matrox Millennium G200 8MB                        mgag200
289  Matrox Millennium G200 SD 16MB                    mgag200
290  Matrox Millennium G200 SD 4MB                     mgag200
291  Matrox Millennium G200 SD 8MB                     mgag200
292  Matrox Millennium G400                            mgag400
293  Matrox Millennium II 16MB                         mga2164w
294  Matrox Millennium II 4MB                          mga2164w
295  Matrox Millennium II 8MB                          mga2164w
296  Matrox Mystique                                   mga1064sg
297  Matrox Mystique G200 16MB                         mgag200
298  Matrox Mystique G200 4MB                          mgag200
299  Matrox Mystique G200 8MB                          mgag200
300  Matrox Productiva G100 4MB                        mgag100
301  Matrox Productiva G100 8MB                        mgag100
302  MediaGX                                           mediagx
303  MediaVision Proaxcel 128                          ET6000
304  Mirage Z-128                                      ET6000
305  Miro CRYSTAL VRX                                  Verite 1000

Enter a number to choose the corresponding card definition.
Press enter for the next page, q to continue configuration.

288

Your selected card definition:

Identifier: Matrox Millennium G200 8MB
Chipset:    mgag200
Driver:     mga
Do NOT probe clocks or use any Clocks line.

Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.

Now you must give information about your video card. This will be used for
the "Device" section of your video card in XF86Config.

You must indicate how much video memory you have. It is probably a good
idea to use the same approximate amount as that detected by the server you
intend to use. If you encounter problems that are due to the used server
not supporting the amount memory you have (e.g. ATI Mach64 is limited to
1024K with the SVGA server), specify the maximum amount supported by the
server.

How much video memory do you have on your video card:

 1  256K
 2  512K
 3  1024K
 4  2048K
 5  4096K
 6  Other

Enter your choice: 6

Amount of video memory in Kbytes: 8192

You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely an
identifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fill
in default names (possibly from a card definition).

Your card definition is Matrox Millennium G200 8MB.

The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed.
Enter an identifier for your video card definition:

For each depth, a list of modes (resolutions) is defined. The default
resolution that the server will start-up with will be the first listed
mode that can be supported by the monitor and card.
Currently it is set to:

"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 8-bit
"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 16-bit
"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 24-bit

Modes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints will
be automatically skipped by the server.

 1  Change the modes for 8-bit (256 colors)
 2  Change the modes for 16-bit (32K/64K colors)
 3  Change the modes for 24-bit (24-bit color)
 4  The modes are OK, continue.

Enter your choice: 2

Select modes from the following list:

 1  "640x400"
 2  "640x480"
 3  "800x600"
 4  "1024x768"
 5  "1280x1024"
 6  "320x200"
 7  "320x240"
 8  "400x300"
 9  "1152x864"
 a  "1600x1200"
 b  "1800x1400"
 c  "512x384"

Please type the digits corresponding to the modes that you want to select.
For example, 432 selects "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480", with a
default mode of 1024x768.

Which modes? 432

You can have a virtual screen (desktop), which is screen area that is larger
than the physical screen and which is panned by moving the mouse to the edge
of the screen. If you don't want virtual desktop at a certain resolution,
you cannot have modes listed that are larger. Each color depth can have a
differently-sized virtual screen

Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want a virtual screen that is larger than the physical screen? n

For each depth, a list of modes (resolutions) is defined. The default
resolution that the server will start-up with will be the first listed
mode that can be supported by the monitor and card.
Currently it is set to:

"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 8-bit
"1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" for 16-bit
"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 24-bit

Modes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints will
be automatically skipped by the server.

 1  Change the modes for 8-bit (256 colors)
 2  Change the modes for 16-bit (32K/64K colors)
 3  Change the modes for 24-bit (24-bit color)
 4  The modes are OK, continue.

Enter your choice: 4

Please specify which color depth you want to use by default:

  1  1 bit (monochrome)
  2  4 bits (16 colors)
  3  8 bits (256 colors)
  4  16 bits (65536 colors)
  5  24 bits (16 million colors)

Enter a number to choose the default depth.

4

/etc/X11/XF86Config
I am going to write the XF86Config file now. Make sure you don't accidently
overwrite a previously configured one.

Shall I write it to /etc/X11/XF86Config? y

          User Confirmation Requested
The XFree86 configuration process seems to have
failed.  Would you like to try again?

             [ Yes ]         No

xf86cfg -textmode
xf86config
root
sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
                     User Confirmation Requested
 The FreeBSD package collection is a collection of hundreds of
 ready-to-run applications, from text editors to games to WEB servers
 and more. Would you like to browse the collection now?

                            [ Yes ]   No

root
root
                     User Confirmation Requested
 Would you like to add any initial user accounts to the system? Adding
 at least one account for yourself at this stage is suggested since
 working as the "root" user is dangerous (it is easy to do things which
 adversely affect the entire system).

                            [ Yes ]   No

/bin/sh
/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/bash
/bin/tcsh
wheel
root
sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
root
                        Message
 Now you must set the system manager's password.
 This is the password you'll use to log in as "root".

                         [ OK ]

               [ Press enter to continue ]

root
Changing local password for root.
New password :
Retype new password :

sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
                     User Confirmation Requested
 Visit the general configuration menu for a chance to set any last
 options?

                              Yes   [ No ]

                     User Confirmation Requested
 Are you sure you wish to exit? The system will reboot (be sure to
 remove any floppies from the drives).

                            [ Yes ]   No

dmesg
rpratt
root
Copyright (c) 1992-2002 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
    The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.

Timecounter "i8254"  frequency 1193182 Hz
CPU: AMD-K6(tm) 3D processor (300.68-MHz 586-class CPU)
  Origin = "AuthenticAMD"  Id = 0x580  Stepping = 0
  Features=0x8001bf<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,MCE,CX8,MMX>
  AMD Features=0x80000800<SYSCALL,3DNow!>
real memory  = 268435456 (262144K bytes)
config> di sn0
config> di lnc0
config> di le0
config> di ie0
config> di fe0
config> di cs0
config> di bt0
config> di aic0
config> di aha0
config> di adv0
config> q
avail memory = 256311296 (250304K bytes)
Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc0491000.
Preloaded userconfig_script "/boot/kernel.conf" at 0xc049109c.
md0: Malloc disk
Using $PIR table, 4 entries at 0xc00fde60
npx0: <math processor> on motherboard
npx0: INT 16 interface
pcib0: <Host to PCI bridge> on motherboard
pci0: <PCI bus> on pcib0
pcib1: <VIA 82C598MVP (Apollo MVP3) PCI-PCI (AGP) bridge> at device 1.0 on pci0
pci1: <PCI bus> on pcib1
pci1: <Matrox MGA G200 AGP graphics accelerator> at 0.0 irq 11
isab0: <VIA 82C586 PCI-ISA bridge> at device 7.0 on pci0
isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0
atapci0: <VIA 82C586 ATA33 controller> port 0xe000-0xe00f at device 7.1 on pci0
ata0: at 0x1f0 irq 14 on atapci0
ata1: at 0x170 irq 15 on atapci0
uhci0: <VIA 83C572 USB controller> port 0xe400-0xe41f irq 10 at device 7.2 on pci0
usb0: <VIA 83C572 USB controller> on uhci0
usb0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0: VIA UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
chip1: <VIA 82C586B ACPI interface> at device 7.3 on pci0
ed0: <NE2000 PCI Ethernet (RealTek 8029)> port 0xe800-0xe81f irq 9 at
device 10.0 on pci0
ed0: address 52:54:05:de:73:1b, type NE2000 (16 bit)
isa0: too many dependant configs (8)
isa0: unexpected small tag 14
fdc0: <NEC 72065B or clone> at port 0x3f0-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq 2 on isa0
fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold
fd0: <1440-KB 3.5" drive> on fdc0 drive 0
atkbdc0: <keyboard controller (i8042)> at port 0x60-0x64 on isa0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> flags 0x1 irq 1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x1 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa0
sio1: type 16550A
ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
ppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/15 bytes threshold
ppbus0: IEEE1284 device found /NIBBLE
Probing for PnP devices on ppbus0:
plip0: <PLIP network interface> on ppbus0
lpt0: <Printer> on ppbus0
lpt0: Interrupt-driven port
ppi0: <Parallel I/O> on ppbus0
ad0: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata0-master using UDMA33
ad2: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata1-master using UDMA33
acd0: CDROM <DELTA OTC-H101/ST3 F/W by OIPD> at ata0-slave using PIO4
Mounting root from ufs:/dev/ad0s1a
swapon: adding /dev/ad0s1b as swap device
Automatic boot in progress...
/dev/ad0s1a: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1a: clean, 48752 free (552 frags, 6025 blocks, 0.9% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1f: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1f: clean, 128997 free (21 frags, 16122 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1g: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1g: clean, 3036299 free (43175 frags, 374073 blocks, 1.3% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1e: filesystem CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1e: clean, 128193 free (17 frags, 16022 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
Doing initial network setup: hostname.
ed0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
    inet6 fe80::5054::5ff::fede:731b%ed0 prefixlen 64 tentative scopeid 0x1
    ether 52:54:05:de:73:1b
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
    inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x8
    inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
    inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
Additional routing options: IP gateway=YES TCP keepalive=YES
routing daemons:.
additional daemons: syslogd.
Doing additional network setup:.
Starting final network daemons: creating ssh RSA host key
Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
cd:76:89:16:69:0e:d0:6e:f8:66:d0:07:26:3c:7e:2d root@k6-2.example.com
 creating ssh DSA host key
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
f9:a1:a9:47:c4:ad:f9:8d:52:b8:b8:ff:8c:ad:2d:e6 root@k6-2.example.com.
setting ELF ldconfig path: /usr/lib /usr/lib/compat /usr/X11R6/lib
/usr/local/lib
a.out ldconfig path: /usr/lib/aout /usr/lib/compat/aout /usr/X11R6/lib/aout
starting standard daemons: inetd cron sshd usbd sendmail.
Initial rc.i386 initialization:.
rc.i386 configuring syscons: blank_time screensaver moused.
Additional ABI support: linux.
Local package initialization:.
Additional TCP options:.

FreeBSD/i386 (k6-2.example.com) (ttyv0)

login: rpratt
Password:

startx
>>>BOOT DKC0

>>> SET BOOT_OSFLAGS A
>>> SET BOOT_FILE ''
>>> SET BOOTDEF_DEV DKC0
>>> SET AUTO_ACTION BOOT

su
root
wheel
root
shutdown -h
now
The operating system has halted.
Please press any key to reboot.

HARDWARE.TXT
sc0
Q
tools
# mount_msdos /dev/ad0s1 /mnt

dmesg
mount
/dev/ad0s1
/dev/ad0s2
/dev/ad0s3
kern.flp
# mount /dev/fd0 /mnt

/mnt
# cd /mnt

boot.config
/boot/loader
-h
# echo "/boot/loader -h" > boot.config

# cd /
# umount /mnt

kern.flp
# cu -l /dev/cuaa0

cu
mfsroot.flp
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ISO-IMAGES-архитектура/версия
архитектура
версия
X
version-RELEASE-arch-miniinst.iso
version-RELEASE-arch-disc1.iso
version-RELEASE-arch-disc2.iso
X
version-RELEASE-arch-bootonly.iso
version-RELEASE-arch-miniinst.iso
version-RELEASE-arch-disc1.iso
version-RELEASE-arch-disc2.iso
X
/cdrom
# mount /cdrom

/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent

/etc/inetd.conf
ваш
компьютер
bin
FORMAT
A:
disklabel
newfs
# fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440
# disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3
# newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/fd0

fd0.1200
floppy5
a:\bin\bin.aa
a:\bin\bin.ab
freebsd
c:\freebsd
xcopy
C:\> md c:\freebsd
C:\> xcopy e:\bin c:\freebsd\bin\ /s
C:\> xcopy e:\manpages c:\freebsd\manpages\ /s

C:
E:
c:\freebsd
BIN
# cd /freebsd/distdir
# tar cvf /dev/rwt0 dist1 ... dist2

dial
set log local ...
NFS
Secure
NFS Slow
ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD
ziggy
/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD
/usr
/usr/archive/stuff
/etc/exports
permission
denied
Additional ABI support:.
Local package initialization:.
Additional TCP options:.

Fri Sep 20 13:01:06 EEST 2002

FreeBSD/i386 (pc3.example.org) (ttyv0)

login:

FreeBSD/i386 (pc3.example.org) (ttyv0)

pc3.example.org
ttyv0
login:

login:

john
john
login: john
Password:

john
#
$
%
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
#
ttyv
# name  getty                           type    status          comments
#
ttyv0   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
# Virtual terminals
ttyv1   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv2   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv3   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv4   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv5   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv6   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv7   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv8   "/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon"  xterm   off secure

/etc/ttys
console
# name  getty                           type    status          comments
#
# If console is marked "insecure", then init will ask for the root password
# when going to single-user mode.
console none                            unknown off secure

console
secure
insecure
root
insecure
root
---
--x
-w-
-wx
r--
r-x
rw-
rwx
ls -l
% ls -l
total 530
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel     512 Sep  5 12:31 myfile
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel     512 Sep  5 12:31 otherfile
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel    7680 Sep  5 12:31 email.txt
...

ls -l
-rw-r--r--

-
rw-
r--
r--
644
/dev
cd
FILE
% chmod go= FILE

FILE
% chmod go-w,a+x FILE

root
file1
# chflags sunlink file1

# chflags nosunlink file1

# ls -lo file1

-rw-r--r--  1 trhodes  trhodes  sunlnk 0 Mar  1 05:54 file1

root
/usr
/var
/tmp
/mnt
/cdrom
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
/
/bin/
/boot/
/boot/defaults/
/dev/
/etc/
/etc/defaults/
/etc/mail/
/etc/namedb/
named
/etc/periodic/
/etc/ppp/
ppp
/mnt/
/proc/
/rescue/
/root/
root
/sbin/
/stand/
/tmp/
/tmp
/tmp
/etc/fstab
/usr/
/usr/bin/
/usr/include/
/usr/lib/
/usr/libdata/
/usr/libexec/
/usr/local/
/usr/local
/usr
man
/usr/local
/usr/local/share
share/doc/port
/usr/obj/
/usr/src
/usr/ports/
/usr/sbin/
/usr/share/
/usr/src/
/usr/X11R6/
/var/
/var
/etc/fstab
/var/log/
/var/mail/
/var/spool/
/var/tmp/
/var
/var/yp/
readme.txt
README.TXT
.txt
/
foo
bar
readme.txt
foo/bar/readme.txt
\
:
c:/foo/bar/readme.txt
/
A
B
C
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
A
ls
A1
A2
B
A1
B
A1
B
B1
B2
/A1/B1
/A1/B2
/A1
B
B
A2,
/A2/B1
/A2/B2
C
B1
B
C
A
A1
join
/home
a
h
a
b
c
c
d
d
d
d
s
a
h
s
ad
da
acd
cd
fd
ad0s1a
a
s1
ad0
da1s2e
e
s2
da1
C:
a
e
/var
f
/usr
/
/dev
/usr
/usr/local
/var
log/
spool/
/var
/
fstab
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
   устройство   /точка-монтирования   тип файловой системы   опции   частота дампов   порядок проверки

устройство
точка монтирования
тип файловой системы
ufs
опции
частота дампов
порядок проверки
passno
/etc/fstab
mount
# mount устройство точка-монтирования

/etc/fstab
fstype
umount
init
init
ps
top
ps
% ps
  PID  TT  STAT      TIME COMMAND
  298  p0  Ss     0:01.10 tcsh
 7078  p0  S      2:40.88 xemacs mdoc.xsl (xemacs-21.1.14)
37393  p0  I      0:03.11 xemacs freebsd.dsl (xemacs-21.1.14)
48630  p0  S      2:50.89 /usr/local/lib/netscape-linux/navigator-linux-4.77.bi
48730  p0  IW     0:00.00 (dns helper) (navigator-linux-)
72210  p0  R+     0:00.00 ps
  390  p1  Is     0:01.14 tcsh
 7059  p2  Is+    1:36.18 /usr/local/bin/mutt -y
 6688  p3  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
10735  p4  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
20256  p5  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
  262  v0  IWs    0:00.00 -tcsh (tcsh)
  270  v0  IW+    0:00.00 /bin/sh /usr/X11R6/bin/startx -- -bpp 16
  280  v0  IW+    0:00.00 xinit /home/nik/.xinitrc -- -bpp 16
  284  v0  IW     0:00.00 /bin/sh /home/nik/.xinitrc
  285  v0  S      0:38.45 /usr/X11R6/bin/sawfish

PID
TT
STAT
TIME
COMMAND
auxww
% top
last pid: 72257;  load averages:  0.13,  0.09,  0.03    up 0+13:38:33  22:39:10
47 processes:  1 running, 46 sleeping
CPU states: 12.6% user,  0.0% nice,  7.8% system,  0.0% interrupt, 79.7% idle
Mem: 36M Active, 5256K Inact, 13M Wired, 6312K Cache, 15M Buf, 408K Free
Swap: 256M Total, 38M Used, 217M Free, 15% Inuse

  PID USERNAME PRI NICE  SIZE    RES STATE    TIME   WCPU    CPU COMMAND
72257 nik       28   0  1960K  1044K RUN      0:00 14.86%  1.42% top
 7078 nik        2   0 15280K 10960K select   2:54  0.88%  0.88% xemacs-21.1.14
  281 nik        2   0 18636K  7112K select   5:36  0.73%  0.73% XF86_SVGA
  296 nik        2   0  3240K  1644K select   0:12  0.05%  0.05% xterm
48630 nik        2   0 29816K  9148K select   3:18  0.00%  0.00% navigator-linu
  175 root       2   0   924K   252K select   1:41  0.00%  0.00% syslogd
 7059 nik        2   0  7260K  4644K poll     1:38  0.00%  0.00% mutt
...

named
httpd
lpd
sendmail
maild
root
SIGSEGV
SIGALRM
SIGTERM
SIGKILL
SIGTERM
SIGTERM
SIGKILL
SIGKILL
SIGHUP
SIGUSR1
SIGUSR2
httpd
SIGHUP
httpd
SIGHUP
inetd
/etc/inetd.conf
inetd
SIGHUP
root
% ps -ax | grep inetd
  198  ??  IWs    0:00.00 inetd -wW

grep
inetd
root
root
% su
Password:
# /bin/kill -s HUP 198

kill: PID: Operation not permitted
kill: PID: No such process
/bin/kill
kill
/bin/kill
/bin/kill ...
TERM
KILL
/bin/kill -s KILL 1
sh
tcsh
zsh
bash
tcsh
bash
foobar
foo.bar
foo.bar
rm
fo[Tab].[Tab]
rm foo[BEEP].bar
foobar
foo.bar
fo
foo
.
USER
PATH
DISPLAY
SHELL
TERM
TERMCAP
OSTYPE
MACHTYPE
EDITOR
PAGER
MANPATH
tcsh
csh
setenv
sh
bash
export
EDITOR
/usr/local/bin/emacs
csh
tcsh
% setenv EDITOR /usr/local/bin/emacs

% export EDITOR="/usr/local/bin/emacs"

$
echo $TERM
$TERM
*
echo *
ls
echo
*
\
echo $TERM
echo \$TERM
$TERM
$TERM
chsh
EDITOR
chsh
bash
% chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash

/etc/shells
bash
/usr/local/bin
# echo "/usr/local/bin/bash" >> /etc/shells

chsh
ee filename
filename
/etc/rc.conf
ee /etc/rc.conf
^
^e
editors/emacs
editors/vim
/var/run/dmesg.boot
acd0
kbd0
/dev
DEVFS
# cd /dev
# sh MAKEDEV ad1

DEVFS
DEVFS
DEVFS
DEVFS
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
a.out
GENERIC
a.out
man
% man command

command
ls
% man ls

chmod
man
% man 1 chmod

chmod
chmod
man
% man -k mail

apropos
/usr/bin
% cd /usr/bin
% man -f *

% cd /usr/bin
% whatis *

info
info
% info

h
?
INSTALL
README
doc/
Makefile
configure
pkg_add
pkg_add
ghostscript
ghostscript-nox11
security/portaudit
portaudit -F -a
whereis file
file
# whereis lsof
lsof: /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof

lsof
/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
/usr/ports
make search name=program-name
program-name
lsof
# cd /usr/ports
# make search name=lsof
Port:   lsof-4.56.4
Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
Info:   Lists information about open files (similar to fstat(1))
Maint:  obrien@FreeBSD.org
Index:  sysutils
B-deps:
R-deps:

make search key=string
string
# ftp -a ftp2.FreeBSD.org
Connected to ftp2.FreeBSD.org.
220 ftp2.FreeBSD.org FTP server (Version 6.00LS) ready.
331 Guest login ok, send your email address as password.
230-
230-     This machine is in Vienna, VA, USA, hosted by Verio.
230-         Questions? E-mail freebsd@vienna.verio.net.
230-
230-
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/sysutils/
250 CWD command successful.
ftp> get lsof-4.56.4.tgz
local: lsof-4.56.4.tgz remote: lsof-4.56.4.tgz
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for 'lsof-4.56.4.tgz' (92375 bytes).
100% |**************************************************| 92375       00:00 ETA
226 Transfer complete.
92375 bytes received in 5.60 seconds (16.11 KB/s)
ftp> exit
# pkg_add lsof-4.56.4.tgz

# pkg_add -r lsof

PACKAGESITE
FTP_PASSIVE_MODE
FTP_PROXY
FTP_PASSWORD
lsof-4.56.4
lsof
.tgz
.tbz
/packages
/usr/ports
All
# pkg_info
cvsup-16.1          A general network file distribution system optimized for CV
docbook-1.2         Meta-port for the different versions of the DocBook DTD
...

# pkg_version
cvsup                       =
docbook                     =
...

# pkg_delete xchat-1.7.1

/var/db/pkg
Makefile
/usr/ports
/stand/sysinstall
sysinstall
# sysinstall

/usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile
net/cvsup
root
/usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile
/root
ports-supfile
CHANGE_THIS.FreeBSD.org
cvsup
# cvsup -g -L 2 /root/ports-supfile

Makefile
Makefile
distinfo
files
pkg-descr
pkg-plist
pkg-message
root
security/portaudit
portaudit
-F
/cdrom
CD_MOUNTPTS
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof

lsof
make
# make
>> lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
>> Attempting to fetch from file:/cdrom/ports/distfiles/.
===>  Extracting for lsof-4.57
...
[вывод команды при распаковке опущен]
...
>> Checksum OK for lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz.
===>  Patching for lsof-4.57
===>  Applying FreeBSD patches for lsof-4.57
===>  Configuring for lsof-4.57
...
[вывод команды при конфигурации опущен]
...
===>  Building for lsof-4.57
...
[вывод команды при компиляции опущен]
...
#

make
install
# make install
===>  Installing for lsof-4.57
...
[вывод команды при установке опущен]
...
===>   Generating temporary packing list
===>   Compressing manual pages for lsof-4.57
===>   Registering installation for lsof-4.57
===>  SECURITY NOTE:
      This port has installed the following binaries which execute with
      increased privileges.
#

lsof
make install
make
make install
PATH
rehash
tcsh
sh
shells/bash
hash
-r
/usr/ports/distfiles
# make install
>> lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
>> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/.
Receiving lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz (439860 bytes): 100%
439860 bytes transferred in 18.0 seconds (23.90 kBps)
===>  Extracting for lsof-4.57
...
[вывод команды при распаковке опущен]
...
>> Checksum OK for lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz.
===>  Patching for lsof-4.57
===>  Applying FreeBSD patches for lsof-4.57
===>  Configuring for lsof-4.57
...
[вывод команды процесса конфигурации опущен]
...
===>  Building for lsof-4.57
...
[вывод команды компиляции опущен]
...
===>  Installing for lsof-4.57
...
[вывод команды процедуры установки опущен]
...
===>   Generating temporary packing list
===>   Compressing manual pages for lsof-4.57
===>   Registering installation for lsof-4.57
===>  SECURITY NOTE:
      This port has installed the following binaries which execute with
      increased privileges.
#

FTP_PASSIVE_MODE
FTP_PROXY
FTP_PASSWORD
make fetch
/usr/ports
/usr/ports/net
fetch
fetch-recursive
make
make fetch
MASTER_SITES
MASTER_SITES
# cd /usr/ports/directory
# make MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE= \
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/ fetch

MASTER_SITES
ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/
www/mozilla
security/gpgme
mail/sylpheed-claws
PORTSDIR
PREFIX
# make PORTSDIR=/usr/home/example/ports install

/usr/home/example/ports
/usr/local
# make PREFIX=/usr/home/example/local install

/usr/ports
/usr/home/example/local
# make PORTSDIR=../ports PREFIX=../local install

imake
imake
PREFIX
/usr/X11R6
PREFIX
PREFIX
lsof
/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
lsof
make
deinstall
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
# make deinstall
===>  Deinstalling for lsof-4.57

lsof
make reinstall
/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
make deinstall
make reinstall
make clean
work
make clean
work
distfiles
refuse
refuse
/usr/ports/UPDATING
sysutils/portupgrade
make install clean
pkgdb -F
/var/db/pkg
portupgrade -a
INDEX
portupgrade pkgname
PKG_PATH
pkgdb -F
ports/sysutils
# pkg_info -L foopackage-1.0.0 | less

man/
etc/
doc/
# pkg_info | grep -i foopackage

foopackage
foopackage
# pkg_info foopackage-1.0.0

WWW:
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
make maintainer
Makefile
$FreeBSD:
Makefile
ftp.FreeBSD.org
x11-wm
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg
# make install clean

# cd /usr/ports/x11/XFree86-4
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r xorg

# pkg_add -r XFree86

/usr/ports/UPDATING
sysutils/portupgrade
/etc/make.conf
X_WINDOW_SYSTEM=xorg
XFREE86_VERSION
X_WINDOW_SYSTEM
# pkg_delete -f /var/db/pkg/imake-4* /var/db/pkg/XFree86-*
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg
# make install clean
# pkgdb -F

# Xorg -configure

# XFree86 -configure

/root
xorg.conf.new
$HOME
XF86Config.new
# Xorg -config xorg.conf.new

# XFree86 -xf86config XF86Config.new

xorg.conf.new
XF86Config.new
XF86Config.new
"Monitor"
Section "Monitor"
        Identifier   "Monitor0"
        VendorName   "Monitor Vendor"
        ModelName    "Monitor Model"
        HorizSync    30-107
        VertRefresh  48-120
EndSection

HorizSync
VertRefresh
HorizSync
VertRefresh
Option       "DPMS"

xorg.conf.new
XF86Config.new
"Screen"
Section "Screen"
        Identifier "Screen0"
        Device     "Card0"
        Monitor    "Monitor0"
        DefaultDepth 24
        SubSection "Display"
                Viewport  0 0
                Depth     24
                Modes     "1024x768"
        EndSubSection
EndSection

DefaultDepth
Modes
/var/log/Xorg.0.log
XFree86.0.log
Xorg.0.log
Xorg.8.log
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
/usr/X11R6/etc/X11/xorg.conf
/etc/X11/XF86Config
/usr/X11R6/etc/X11/XF86Config
# cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf

# cp XF86Config.new /etc/X11/XF86Config

x11/wrapper
xorgcfg -textmode
agpgart
GENERIC
device agp

agp.ko
/boot/loader.conf
agp_load="YES"

/dev
# cd /dev
# sh MAKEDEV agpgart

/boot/loader.conf
fbPictureInit
Driver "i810"
Option "NoDDC"

x11-fonts/urwfonts
x11-fonts/freefonts
# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts
# make install clean

/etc/X11/
xorg.conf
XF86Config
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/URW/"

% xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/URW
% xset fp rehash

~/.xinitrc
startx
~/.xsession
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf
"Module"
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
/etc/X11/XF86Config
Load  "freetype"

x11-servers/Xfstt
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
fonts.dir
ttmkfdir
x11-fonts/ttmkfdir
# cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
# ttmkfdir > fonts.dir

% xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
% xset fp rehash

xorg.conf
XF86Config
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/
~/.fonts/
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf
<fontconfig>
        <?xml version="1.0"?>
        <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
        <fontconfig>

/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/
~/.fonts/
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf
<dir>/path/to/my/fonts</dir>

# fc-cache -f

        <match target="font">
            <test name="size" compare="less">
                <double>14</double>
            </test>
            <edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
                <bool>false</bool>
            </edit>
        </match>
        <match target="font">
            <test name="pixelsize" compare="less" qual="any">
                <double>14</double>
            </test>
            <edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
                <bool>false</bool>
            </edit>
        </match>

       <match target="pattern" name="family">
           <test qual="any" name="family">
               <string>fixed</string>
           </test>
           <edit name="family" mode="assign">
               <string>mono</string>
           </edit>
        </match>
        <match target="pattern" name="family">
            <test qual="any" name="family">
                <string>console</string>
            </test>
            <edit name="family" mode="assign">
                <string>mono</string>
            </edit>
        </match>

"mono"
         <match target="pattern" name="family">
             <test qual="any" name="family">
                 <string>mono</string>
             </test>
             <edit name="spacing" mode="assign">
                 <int>100</int>
             </edit>
         </match>     

local.conf
         <match target="pattern" name="family">
             <test qual="any" name="family">
                 <string>Helvetica</string>
             </test>
             <edit name="family" mode="assign">
                 <string>sans-serif</string>
             </edit>
         </match>       

local.conf
</fontconfig>
x11-fonts/bitstream-vera
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf-vera
/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf
.fonts.conf
~/.fonts.conf
local.conf
        <match target="font">
            <test qual="all" name="rgba">
                <const>unknown</const>
            </test>
            <edit name="rgba" mode="assign">
                <const>rgb</const>
            </edit>
        </match>

rgb
bgr
vrgb
vbgr
-DWITHOUT_XFT
/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm
root
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
ttyv8  "/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon"  xterm   off secure

off
on
ttyv8
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm
Xaccess
Xresources
Xservers
Xsession
Xsetup_
xdm-config
xdm-errors
xdm-pid
xdm-config
app-defaults
~/.xsession
Xsetup_
Xsetup_0
xconsole
~/.xsession-errors
xdm-config
! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests
! Comment out this line if you want to manage X terminals with xdm
DisplayManager.requestPort:     0

Xaccess
# pkg_add -r gnome2

# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
# make install clean

gdm_enable="YES"
/etc/rc.conf
.xinitrc
.xinitrc
% echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session" > ~/.xinitrc

startx
.xsession
% echo "#!/bin/sh" > ~/.xsession
% echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session" >> ~/.xsession
% chmod +x ~/.xsession

1
# pkg_add -r kde

# cd /usr/ports/x11/kde3
# make install clean

.xinitrc
% echo "exec startkde" > ~/.xinitrc

startx
.xsession
kcontrol
root
root
xterm
konsole
root
wheel
/etc/group
failsafe
root
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession
case $# in
1)
    case $1 in
    failsafe)
            exec xterm -geometry 80x24-0-0
            ;;
    esac
esac

case $# in
1)
    case $1 in
    kde)
            exec /usr/local/bin/startkde
            ;;
    GNOME)
            exec /usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session
            ;;
    failsafe)
            exec xterm -geometry 80x24-0-0
            ;;
esac
esac

/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0
/usr/local/bin/krootimage

/etc/ttys
/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm
/usr/local/bin/kdm
true
# pkg_add -r xfce4

# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4
# make install clean

% echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/startxfce4" > ~/.xinitrc

XDM
.xsession
/usr/X11R6/bin/startxfce4
www/dillo
www/links
www/w3m
# pkg_add -r mozilla

# cd /usr/ports/www/mozilla
# make install clean

root
root
root
% mozilla

% mozilla -mail

jdk-1_5_0-bin-scsl.zip
jdk-1_5_0-src-scsl.zip
/usr/ports/distfiles
j2sdk-1_4_2_08-linux-i586.bin
/usr/ports/distfiles/
/usr/ports/distfiles/
java/jdk15
make install clean
www/linuxpluginwrapper
emulators/linux_base
/etc/libmap.conf
/usr/local/share/examples/linuxpluginwrapper/
www/mozilla
% mozilla &

# pkg_add -r opera

# cd /usr/ports/www/opera
# make install clean

opera
linux-opera
# pkg_add -r firefox

# cd /usr/ports/www/firefox
# make install clean

x11/kdebase3
misc/konq-plugins
# pkg_add -r koffice

# cd /usr/ports/editors/koffice-kde3
# make install clean

.doc
# pkg_add -r abiword

# cd /usr/ports/editors/abiword
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gimp

# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp
# make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp-manual-pdf
# make install clean

graphics/gimp-devel
graphics/gimp-manual-html
# pkg_add -r openoffice

% openoffice.org

.openoffice.org2
# cd /usr/ports/editors/openoffice.org-2.0
# make install clean

# make LOCALIZED_LANG=your_language install clean

your_language
files/Makefile.localized
% openoffice.org

# cd /usr/ports/print/acroread7
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gv

# cd /usr/ports/print/gv
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r xpdf

# cd /usr/ports/graphics/xpdf
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gqview

# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gqview
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gnucash

# cd /usr/ports/finance/gnucash
# make install clean

math/guppi
# pkg_add -r gnumeric

# cd /usr/ports/math/gnumeric
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r abacus

# cd /usr/ports/deskutils/abacus
# make install clean

misc/instant-workstation
/usr/ports/misc/instant-workstation/Makefile
mozilla
www/mozilla
linux-opera
www/linux-opera
firefox
www/firefox
koffice-kde3
editors/koffice-kde3
abiword
editors/abiword
gimp
graphics/gimp1
openoffice
editors/openoffice
acroread
print/acroread7
gv
print/gv
xpdf
graphics/xpdf
gqview
graphics/gqview
gnucash
finance/gnucash
gnumeric
math/gnumeric
abacus
deskutils/abacus
audio/sox
.mpg
.avi
# kldload snd_emu10k1

/boot/loader.conf
snd_emu10k1_load="YES"

/boot/defaults/loader.conf
snd_driver
# kldload snd_driver

/boot/loader.conf
/dev/sndstat
cat /dev/sndstat
snd
snd_driver
device sound

device pcm

device snd_emu10k1

/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/LINT
/boot/device.hints
device snd_sbc
device snd_sb16

/boot/device.hints
hint.sbc.0.at="isa"
hint.sbc.0.port="0x220"
hint.sbc.0.irq="5"
hint.sbc.0.drq="1"
hint.sbc.0.flags="0x15"

0x220
5
/boot/device.hints
device sbc0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 5 drq 1 flags 0x15

options PNPBIOS

pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> port 0xdc80-0xdcbf,0xd800-0xd8ff irq 5 at device 31.5 on pci0
pcm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
pcm0: <Cirrus Logic CS4205 AC97 Codec>

/dev/sndstat
# cat /dev/sndstat
FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm)
Installed devices:
pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> at io 0xd800, 0xdc80 irq 5 bufsz 16384
kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)

pcm
% cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1

audio/workman
audio/mpg123
/dev/dsp
% cat filename > /dev/dsp

filename
pcm0
root
# cd /dev
# sh MAKEDEV snd0

pcm1
snd0
snd1
MAKEDEV
unsupported subdevice XX
sb_dspwr(XX) timed out
bad irq XX
xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of
memory
xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!
fstat | grep dsp
root
# sysctl hw.snd.pcm0.vchans=4
# sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4

hw.snd.pcm0.vchans
pcm0
pcm
hw.snd.maxautovchans
/dev/dsp0
x
x
/boot/device.hints
hint.pcm.0.vol="100"

multimedia/xmms
audio/mpg123
# mpg123 -a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3
High Performance MPEG 1.0/2.0/2.5 Audio Player for Layer 1, 2 and 3.
Version 0.59r (1999/Jun/15). Written and copyrights by Michael Hipp.
Uses code from various people. See 'README' for more!
THIS SOFTWARE COMES WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY! USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!

Playing MPEG stream from Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3 ...
MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo

/dev/dsp1.0
dsp
cdda2wav
sysutils/cdrtools
root
# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -B

# cdda2wav -D /dev/acd0a -t 7

0,1,0
0,1,0
cdrecord -scanbus
# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 7

# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 1+7

audio/lame
audio01.wav
audio01.mp3
# lame -h -b 128 \
--tt "Foo Song Title" \
--ta "FooBar Artist" \
--tl "FooBar Album" \
--ty "2001" \
--tc "Ripped and encoded by Foo" \
--tg "Genre" \
audio01.wav audio01.mp3

Preferences
Свойства
Options
Configure
Воспроизвести
mpg123 -s audio01.mp3 > audio01.pcm
audio/sox
% sox -t wav -r 44100 -s -w -c 2 track.wav track.raw

/dev/dvd
# ln -sf /dev/acd0c /dev/dvd
# ln -sf /dev/racd0c /dev/rdvd

# ln -sf /dev/acd0 /dev/dvd
# ln -sf /dev/acd0 /dev/rdvd

/etc/devfs.conf
link acd0 dvd
link acd0 rdvd

option CPU_ENABLE_SSE

options USER_LDT
kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864
kern.ipc.shmall=32768

xvinfo
% xvinfo

X-Video Extension version 2.2
screen #0
  Adaptor #0: "Savage Streams Engine"
    number of ports: 1
    port base: 43
    operations supported: PutImage
    supported visuals:
      depth 16, visualID 0x22
      depth 16, visualID 0x23
    number of attributes: 5
      "XV_COLORKEY" (range 0 to 16777215)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 2110)
      "XV_BRIGHTNESS" (range -128 to 127)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 0)
      "XV_CONTRAST" (range 0 to 255)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 128)
      "XV_SATURATION" (range 0 to 255)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 128)
      "XV_HUE" (range -180 to 180)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 0)
    maximum XvImage size: 1024 x 1024
    Number of image formats: 7
      id: 0x32595559 (YUY2)
        guid: 59555932-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 16
        number of planes: 1
        type: YUV (packed)
      id: 0x32315659 (YV12)
        guid: 59563132-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 12
        number of planes: 3
        type: YUV (planar)
      id: 0x30323449 (I420)
        guid: 49343230-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 12
        number of planes: 3
        type: YUV (planar)
      id: 0x36315652 (RV16)
        guid: 52563135-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
        bits per pixel: 16
        number of planes: 1
        type: RGB (packed)
        depth: 0
        red, green, blue masks: 0x1f, 0x3e0, 0x7c00
      id: 0x35315652 (RV15)
        guid: 52563136-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
        bits per pixel: 16
        number of planes: 1
        type: RGB (packed)
        depth: 0
        red, green, blue masks: 0x1f, 0x7e0, 0xf800
      id: 0x31313259 (Y211)
        guid: 59323131-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 6
        number of planes: 3
        type: YUV (packed)
      id: 0x0
        guid: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
        bits per pixel: 0
        number of planes: 0
        type: RGB (packed)
        depth: 1
        red, green, blue masks: 0x0, 0x0, 0x0

X-Video Extension version 2.2
screen #0
no adaptors present

devel/sdl12
root
dga
work
/proc/cpuinfo
multimedia/mplayer
make
Makefile
# cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer
# make
N - O - T - E

Take a careful look into the Makefile in order
to learn how to tune mplayer towards you personal preferences!
For example,
make WITH_GTK1
builds MPlayer with GTK1-GUI support.
If you want to use the GUI, you can either install
/usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer-skins
or download official skin collections from
http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/dload.html

WITH_XVID
WITH_DVD_DEVICE
/dev/acd0
mplayer
mencoder
.mplayer
% cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer
% make install-user

mplayer
testfile.avi
% mplayer -vo xv testfile.avi

% mplayer -vo sdl testfile.avi

% mplayer -vo x11 testfile.avi

# mplayer -vo dga testfile.avi

# mplayer -vo 'sdl:dga' testfile.avi

testfile.avi
N
DEVICE
N
DEVICE
/dev/dvd
# mplayer -vo xv dvd://3 -dvd-device /dev/dvd

WITH_DVD_DEVICE
/dev/acd0
Makefile
mplayer -h
.mplayer/config
vo=xv
fs=yes
zoom=yes

mplayer
.vob
# mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd

out.vob
mencoder
mencoder
% mencoder input.avi -oac copy -ovc copy -o output.avi

mplayer
mplayer
input.avi
audio/lame
% mencoder input.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts br=192 \
     -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vhq -o output.avi

mplayer
xine
input.avi
mplayer
root
multimedia/xine
% xine

% xine -g -p mymovie.avi

stdin/stdout
multimedia/transcode
# make WITH_OPTIMIZED_CFLAGS=yes WITH_LIBA52=yes WITH_LAME=yes WITH_OGG=yes \
WITH_MJPEG=yes -DWITH_XVID=yes

transcode
% transcode -i input.avi -V --export_prof vcd-pal -o output_vcd
% mplex -f 1 -o output_vcd.mpg output_vcd.m1v output_vcd.mpa

output_vcd.mpg
multimedia/vcdimager
sysutils/cdrdao
transcode
multimedia/avifile
multimedia/ogle
multimedia/dvdauthor
/boot/loader.conf
bktr_load="YES"

device  bktr
device  iicbus
device  iicbb
device  smbus

bktr0: <BrookTree 848A> mem 0xd7000000-0xd7000fff irq 10 at device 10.0 on pci0
iicbb0: <I2C bit-banging driver> on bti2c0
iicbus0: <Philips I2C bus> on iicbb0 master-only
iicbus1: <Philips I2C bus> on iicbb0 master-only
smbus0: <System Management Bus> on bti2c0
bktr0: Pinnacle/Miro TV, Philips SECAM tuner.

options OVERRIDE_TUNER=6

# sysctl hw.bt848.tuner=6

/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/LINT
multimedia/fxtv
multimedia/xawtv
misc/alevt
audio/xmradio
audio/wmtune
GENERIC
device usb
device uhci
device ohci
device uscanner

device uhci
device
ohci
GENERIC
# kldload uscanner

/boot/loader.conf
uscanner_load="YES"

uscanner0: EPSON EPSON Scanner, rev 1.10/3.02, addr 2

/dev/uscanner0
usbd_enable="YES"
/etc/rc.conf
GENERIC
NOTES
LINT
device scbus
device pass

pass2 at aic0 bus 0 target 2 lun 0
pass2: <AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10> Fixed Scanner SCSI-2 device
pass2: 3.300MB/s transfers

# camcontrol rescan all
Re-scan of bus 0 was successful
Re-scan of bus 1 was successful
Re-scan of bus 2 was successful
Re-scan of bus 3 was successful

# camcontrol devlist
<IBM DDRS-34560 S97B>              at scbus0 target 5 lun 0 (pass0,da0)
<IBM DDRS-34560 S97B>              at scbus0 target 6 lun 0 (pass1,da1)
<AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10>           at scbus1 target 2 lun 0 (pass3)
<PHILIPS CDD3610 CD-R/RW 1.00>     at scbus2 target 0 lun 0 (pass2,cd0)

graphics/sane-backends
graphics/sane-frontends
graphics/sane-backends
sane-find-scanner
# sane-find-scanner -q
found SCSI scanner "AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10" at /dev/pass3

# scanimage -L
device `snapscan:/dev/pass3' is a AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 flatbed scanner

/usr/local/etc/sane.d/
sane-find-scanner
# sane-find-scanner -q
found USB scanner (UNKNOWN vendor and product) at device /dev/uscanner0

/dev/uscanner0
# scanimage -L

No scanners were identified. If you were expecting something different,
check that the scanner is plugged in, turned on and detected by the
sane-find-scanner tool (if appropriate). Please read the documentation
which came with this software (README, FAQ, manpages).

/usr/local/etc/sane.d/epson.conf
epson
scsi
usb /dev/uscanner0

# scanimage -L
device `epson:/dev/uscanner0' is a Epson GT-8200 flatbed scanner

`epson:/dev/uscanner0'
scanimage -L
graphics/sane-frontends
graphics/xsane
root
/dev/uscanner0
operator
joe
operator
# pw groupmod operator -m joe

/dev/uscanner0
operator
/etc/devfs.rules
[system=5]
add path uscanner0 mode 660

/etc/rc.conf
devfs_system_ruleset="system"

operator
/dev/uscanner0
operator
/dev
root
GENERIC
GENERIC
GENERIC
/usr/src/sys
/sys
arch/conf
compile
arch
i386
alpha
amd64
ia64
powerpc
sparc64
pc98
i386
alpha
pc98
/usr/src/sys
sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
root
# mount /cdrom
# mkdir -p /usr/src/sys
# ln -s /usr/src/sys /sys
# cat /cdrom/src/ssys.[a-d]* | tar -xzvf -

arch/conf
GENERIC
# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
# cp GENERIC MYKERNEL

MYKERNEL
/usr/src
/usr/src
GENERIC
i386
# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
# mkdir /root/kernels
# cp GENERIC /root/kernels/MYKERNEL
# ln -s /root/kernels/MYKERNEL

MYKERNEL
GENERIC
GENERIC
/usr/src/UPDATING
/usr/src/UPDATING
make buildworld
IPFIREWALL
make
buildworld
buildworld
installworld
config
make depend
make
make install
# /usr/sbin/config MYKERNEL

# cd ../compile/MYKERNEL

# cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL

# make depend
# make

# make install

/usr/src
# cd /usr/src

# make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

# make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

/etc/make.conf
MODULES_OVERRIDE = linux acpi sound/sound sound/driver/ds1 ntfs

/boot/kernel
/boot/kernel/kernel
/boot/kernel.old/kernel
/kernel
/modules
/kernel.old
/boot
/modules
/dev
#
GENERIC
NOTES
GENERIC
/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
NOTES
GENERIC
LINT
LINT
hints
LINT
LINT
NOTES
LINT
# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf >> make LINT

GENERIC
/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
machine        i386

alpha
amd64
i386
ia64
pc98
powerpc
sparc64
cpu          I486_CPU
cpu          I586_CPU
cpu          I686_CPU

I586_CPU
I686_CPU
/var/run/dmesg.boot
I386_CPU
/usr/obj
I386_CPU
ident          GENERIC

MYKERNEL
ident
#To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints          "GENERIC.hints"         # Default places to look for devices.

/boot/device.hints
hints
device.hints
/boot
#makeoptions     DEBUG=-g          # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols

options          SCHED_4BSD         # 4BSD scheduler

SCHED_4BSD
SCHED_ULE
options          INET              # InterNETworking

options          INET6             # IPv6 communications protocols

options          FFS               # Berkeley Fast Filesystem

options          SOFTUPDATES       # Enable FFS Soft Updates support

soft-updates
options          UFS_ACL           # Support for access control lists

options          UFS_DIRHASH       # Improve performance on big directories

options          MD_ROOT           # MD is a potential root device

options          NFSCLIENT         # Network Filesystem Client
options          NFSSERVER         # Network Filesystem Server
options          NFS_ROOT          # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT

options          MSDOSFS           # MSDOS Filesystem

emulators/mtools
MSDOSFS
options          CD9660            # ISO 9660 Filesystem

options          PROCFS            # Process filesystem

/proc
PROCFS
PROCFS
PROCFS
PSEUDOFS
options          PSEUDOFS          # Pseudo-filesystem framework

PSEUDOFS
options          GEOM_GPT          # GUID Partition Tables.

options          COMPAT_43         # Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]

options          COMPAT_FREEBSD4   # Compatible with FreeBSD4

options          SCSI_DELAY=15000  # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI

options          KTRACE            # ktrace(1) support

options          SYSVSHM           # SYSV-style shared memory

options          SYSVMSG           # SYSV-style message queues

options          SYSVSEM           # SYSV-style semaphores

options         _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions

options          KBD_INSTALL_CDEV  # install a CDEV entry in /dev

/dev
options          AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT     # Print register bitfields in debug
                                          # output.  Adds ~128k to driver.
options          AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT     # Print register bitfields in debug
                                          # output.  Adds ~215k to driver.

options          ADAPTIVE_GIANT    # Giant mutex is adaptive.

ADAPTIVE_GIANT
device          apic               # I/O APIC

options SMP
device          isa

/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/NOTES
device          eisa

device          pci

# Floppy drives
device          fdc

# ATA and ATAPI devices
device          ata

device ata
device          atadisk                 # ATA disk drives

device ata
device          ataraid                 # ATA RAID drives

device ata

device          atapicd                 # ATAPI CDROM drives

device
ata
device          atapifd                 # ATAPI floppy drives

device
ata
device          atapist                 # ATAPI tape drives

device ata
options         ATA_STATIC_ID           # Static device numbering

# SCSI Controllers
device          ahb        # EISA AHA1742 family
device          ahc        # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
device          ahd        # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
device          amd        # AMD 53C974 (Teckram DC-390(T))
device          isp        # Qlogic family
device          mpt        # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
#device         ncr        # NCR/Symbios Logic
device          sym        # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)
device          trm        # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters

device          adv        # Advansys SCSI adapters
device          adw        # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
device          aha        # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
device          aic        # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60.
device          bt         # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters

device          ncv        # NCR 53C500
device          nsp        # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
device          stg        # TMC 18C30/18C50

# SCSI peripherals
device          scbus      # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
device          ch         # SCSI media changers
device          da         # Direct Access (disks)
device          sa         # Sequential Access (tape etc)
device          cd         # CD
device          pass       # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
device          ses        # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)

# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
device          amr        # AMI MegaRAID
device      arcmsr     # Areca SATA II RAID
device          asr        # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
device          ciss       # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
device          dpt        # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options
device          hptmv      # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
device          iir        # Intel Integrated RAID
device          ips        # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
device          mly        # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
device          twa        # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID

# RAID controllers
device          aac        # Adaptec FSA RAID
device          aacp       # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
device          ida        # Compaq Smart RAID
device          mlx        # Mylex DAC960 family
device          pst        # Promise Supertrak SX6000
device          twe        # 3ware ATA RAID

# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device          atkbdc     # AT keyboard controller

atkbdc
atkbd
psm
device          atkbd      # AT keyboard

atkbd
atkbdc
device          psm        # PS/2 mouse

device          vga        # VGA video card driver

# splash screen/screen saver
device          splash     # Splash screen and screen saver support

pseudo-device splash
# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device          sc

sc
termcap
vt
VT220
TERM
scoansi
# Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver
#device          vt
#options         XSERVER          # support for X server on a vt console
#options         FAT_CURSOR       # start with block cursor

sc
TERM
vt100
vt220
sc
termcap
terminfo
vt100
device          agp

# Floating point support - do not disable.
device          npx

npx
# Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
#device          apm

GENERIC
# Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
device           pmtimer

# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
device          cbb               # cardbus (yenta) bridge
device          pccard            # PC Card (16-bit) bus
device          cardbus           # CardBus (32-bit) bus

# Serial (COM) ports
device          sio               # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports

COM
COM4
COM2
/boot/device.hints
0x*2e8
COM4
COM3
COM4
# Parallel port
device          ppc

device          ppbus      # Parallel port bus (required)

device          lpt        # Printer

device          plip       # TCP/IP over parallel

device          ppi        # Parallel port interface device

#device         vpo        # Requires scbus and da

scbus
da
#device         puc

# PCI Ethernet NICs.
device          de         # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (''Tulip'')
device          em         # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card
device          ixgb       # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
device          txp        # 3Com 3cR990 (''Typhoon'')
device          vx         # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (''Vortex'')

# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device          miibus     # MII bus support

device miibus
device          bfe        # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
device          bge        # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
device          dc         # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
device          fxp        # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
device      lge    # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit ethernet
device      nge    # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit ethernet
device          pcn        # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over 'lnc')
device          re         # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
device          rl         # RealTek 8129/8139
device          sf         # Adaptec AIC-6915 (''Starfire'')
device          sis        # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016
device          sk         # SysKonnect SK-984x > SK-982x gigabit Ethernet
device          ste        # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
device          ti         # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet
device          tl         # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
device          tx         # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ''EPIC'')
device      vge    # VIA VT612x gigabit ethernet
device          vr         # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
device          wb         # Winbond W89C840F
device          xl         # 3Com 3c90x (''Boomerang'', ''Cyclone'')

# ISA Ethernet NICs.  pccard NICs included.
device          cs         # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
# 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
device          ed         # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
device          ex         # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
device          ep         # Etherlink III based cards
device          fe         # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
device          ie         # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
device          lnc        # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards
device          sn         # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
device          xe         # Xircom pccard Ethernet

# ISA devices that use the old ISA shims
#device         le

/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/NOTES
# Wireless NIC cards
device          wlan       # 802.11 support
device          an         # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
device          awi        # BayStack 660 and others
device          wi         # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs.
#device         wl         # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.

# Pseudo devices
device   loop          # Network loopback

localhost
127.0.0.1
pseudo-device loop
device   mem           # Memory and kernel memory devices

device   io            # I/O device

device   random        # Entropy device

device   ether         # Ethernet support

ether
pseudo-device ether
device   sl            # Kernel SLIP

sl
pseudo-device
sl
device   ppp           # Kernel PPP

tun
pseudo-device ppp
device   tun           # Packet tunnel.

pseudo-device tun

device   pty           # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)

telnet
rlogin
pseudo-device pty number
Число
pty
pty
device   md            # Memory ''disks''

pseudo-device md
device   gif           # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling

gif
pseudo-device
gif
pseudo-device gif 4
device   faith         # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)

pseudo-device faith 1
# The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device   bpf           # Berkeley packet filter

pseudo-device bpf
# USB support
device          uhci          # UHCI PCI->USB interface
device          ohci          # OHCI PCI->USB interface
#device     ehci          # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
device          usb           # USB Bus (required)
#device         udbp          # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
device          ugen          # Generic
device          uhid          # ''Human Interface Devices''
device          ukbd          # Keyboard
device          ulpt          # Printer
device          umass         # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
device          ums           # Mouse
device          urio          # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
device          uscanner      # Scanners
# USB Ethernet, requires mii
device          aue           # ADMtek USB Ethernet
device          axe           # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
device      cdce          # Generic USB over Ethernet
device          cue           # CATC USB Ethernet
device          kue           # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
device          rue           # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet

# FireWire support
device          firewire      # FireWire bus code
device          sbp           # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da)
device          fwe           # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)

/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/NOTES
options            PAE

PAE
/dev
/dev/MAKEDEV
/dev
device acd0

acd0
/dev
c
r
/dev
# sh MAKEDEV acd0

acd0c
racd0c
# sh MAKEDEV snd0

/etc/fbtab
GENERIC
/dev
/dev
/dev
config
config: line 17: syntax error

GENERIC
make
make
make install
make installkernel
unload
boot /boot/kernel.old/kernel
/var/log/messages
GENERIC
kernel.old
kernel.old
/boot/kernel
# mv /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.bad
# mv /boot/kernel.good /boot/kernel

# chflags noschg /kernel

kern_securelevel
/etc/rc.conf
-1
# chflags schg /kernel

/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
ppc0
ppc1
/dev/lpt0
bps
/etc/printcap
# grep sioN /var/run/dmesg.boot

N
sio2 at port 0x3e8-0x3ef irq 5 on isa
sio2: type 16550A

# grep ppcN /var/run/dmesg.boot

N
ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
ppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold

/dev
devfs
devfs
/dev
/dev
root
root
/dev
# cd /dev

# ./MAKEDEV port

port
lpt0
lpt1
ttyd0
ttyd1
# ls -l port

ppc0
ppc1
ppc2
irq
device ppc0 at isa? irq N

N
hint.ppc.0.irq="N"

/boot/device.hints
N
device ppc

irq
device ppc0 at isa?

/boot/device.hints
hint.ppc.0.irq="N"

# lptcontrol -i -d /dev/lptN

lptN
# lptcontrol -p -d /dev/lptN

lptN
/etc/rc.local
%!PS
100 100 moveto 300 300 lineto stroke
310 310 moveto /Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont
(Is this thing working?) show
showpage

root
# lptest > /dev/lptN

N
# cat > /dev/lptN

RETURN
ENTER
CONTROL+D
# cat file > /dev/lptN

file
root
/etc/remote
printer:dv=/dev/port:br#bps-rate:pa=parity

port
ttyd0
ttyd1
bps-rate
parity
even
odd
none
zero
printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none

# tip printer

/etc/remote
/dev/cuaaN
/dev/ttydN
% $lptest

CONTROL+D
% >file

file
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
/usr/share/misc/termcap
/etc/remote
/etc/printcap
sh
sd
/dev
/etc/printcap
lp
ms#
/etc/printcap
lp
PRINTER
lp
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста rose
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:

rattan
line
diablo
lp
Diablo 630 Line Printer
lp
bamboo
ps
PS
S
panasonic
Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript
v51.4
sh
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
sh
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста rose - никаких начальных страниц
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:

/var/spool
# mkdir /var/spool/имя-принтера

rattan
bamboo
# mkdir /var/spool/lpd
# mkdir /var/spool/lpd/rattan
# mkdir /var/spool/lpd/bamboo

# chown daemon:daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan
# chown daemon:daemon /var/spool/lpd/bamboo
# chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan
# chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/bamboo

/etc/printcap
sd
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста rose - добавлены каталоги спулинга
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:

sd
/var/spool/lpd
/dev
/dev
/dev
/etc/printcap
lp
rattan
bamboo
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста rose - указано, какие устройства использовать
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:

lp
/etc/printcap
/dev/lp
/dev/lp
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
lp
br#bps-rate
bps-rate
bps-rate
ms#stty-mode
lp
ms#
parenb
parodd
cs5
cs6
cs7
cs8
cstopb
crtscts
ixon
-parenb
cs8
clocal
crtscts
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:

lp
/bin/cat
lpf
lpf
/usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#!/bin/sh
#
# if-simple - Простой фильтр входного текста для lpd
# Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#
# Просто копирует stdin в stdout. Игнорирует все аргументы фильтра.

/bin/cat && exit 0
exit 2

# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/if-simple

if
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста rose - добавлен текстовый фильтр
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

if-simple
/usr/share/examples/printing
/etc/rc
lpd_enable
NO
lpd_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.conf
# lpd

# lptest 20 5 | lpr -Pprinter-name

printer-name
/etc/printcap
lpr file
!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234
"#$%&'()*+,-./012345
#$%&'()*+,-./0123456
$%&'()*+,-./01234567
%&'()*+,-./012345678

lptest 80 60
/usr/libexec/lpr/lpf
lpr -t
lpr -d
lpr -v
lpf
lpf
/usr/share/examples/printing
lf
/etc/printcap
/dev/console
/etc/printcap
lpr -t
tf
if
/etc/printcap
имя-фильтра
ширина
длина
сдвиг
имя-пользователя
хост
учетный-файл
lpr -l
ширина
pw
/etc/printcap
длина
pl
сдвиг
lpr -i
имя-пользователя
хост
учетный-файл
af
имя-фильтра
ширина-пиксела
высота-пиксела
имя-пользователя
хост
учетный-файл
ширина-пиксела
px
высота-пиксела
py
имя-фильтра
ширина
длина
/usr/libexec/lpr/lpf
%!
lprps
lprps
toner
low
paper jam
psif
textps
lprps
lprps
lprps
lprps
psif
lprps
lprps
/etc/printcap
:if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:

rw
lprps
#!/bin/sh
#
#  psif - Печать PostScript или обычного текста на PostScript-принтере
#  Скрипт, а НЕ версия, входящая в состав lprps
#  Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/psif
#

IFS="" read -r first_line
first_two_chars=`expr "$first_line" : '\(..\)'`

if [ "$first_two_chars" = "%!" ]; then
    #
    #  Задание PostScript, печатать его.
    #
    echo "$first_line" && cat && printf "\004" && exit 0
    exit 2
else
    #
    #  Обычный текст, преобразовать его, а затем напечатать.
    #
    ( echo "$first_line"; cat ) | /usr/local/bin/textps && printf "\004" && exit 0
    exit 2
fi

textps
a2ps
gs
gs -h
#!/bin/sh
#
#  ifhp - Печать Ghostscript-эмулированного PostScript на DeskJet 500
#  Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/ifhp

#
#  Обрабатывать LF как CR+LF (чтобы избежать "эффекта ступенек"
#  на принтерах HP/PCL:
#
printf "\033&k2G" || exit 2

#
#  Прочитать первые два символа файла
#
IFS="" read -r first_line
first_two_chars=`expr "$first_line" : '\(..\)'`

if [ "$first_two_chars" = "%!" ]; then
    #
    #  Это PostScript; используем Ghostscript для чтения, преобразования и печати.
    #
    /usr/local/bin/gs -dSAFER -dNOPAUSE -q -sDEVICE=djet500 \
        -sOutputFile=- - && exit 0
else
    #
    #  Обычный текст или HP/PCL, поэтому просто печатаем его напрямую; печатаем в
    #  конце символ прогона страницы, чтобы была выдана последняя страница.
    #
    echo "$first_line" && cat && printf "\033&l0H" &&
exit 0
fi

exit 2

if
:if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:

lpr plain.text
lpr whatever.ps
% dvips seaweed-analysis.dvi
% lpr seaweed-analysis.ps

% lpr -d seaweed-analysis.dvi

/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
lpr
/etc/printcap
lpr
cf
df
gf
nf
rf
tf
vf
if
lpr -d
df
/etc/printcap
gf
lpr -g
/usr/local
/usr/local/libexec
/etc/printcap
bamboo
/etc/printcap
df
bamboo
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста rose - добавлен фильтр df для bamboo
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

/usr/local/libexec/psdf
#!/bin/sh
#
#  psdf - фильтр принтера, преобразующий DVI в PostScript
#  Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/psdf
#
# Вызывается системой lpd при выполнении пользователем команды lpr -d
#
exec /usr/local/bin/dvips -f | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@"

dvips
lprps
lprps
#!/bin/sh
#
#  hpvf - Преобразовать GIF-файлы в HP/PCL и напечатать
#  Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/hpvf

PATH=/usr/X11R6/bin:$PATH; export PATH
giftopnm | ppmtopgm | pgmtopbm | pbmtolj -resolution 300 \
    && exit 0 \
    || exit 2

/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста orchid
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/hpvf:

bamboo
#!/bin/sh
#
#  pstf - Преобразует выдаваемые groff данные troff в PS и печатает.
#  Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/pstf
#
exec grops | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@"

lprps
#!/bin/sh
#
#  pstf - Преобразует выдаваемые groff данные troff в PS и печатает.
#  Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/pstf
#
exec grops

/etc/printcap
:tf=/usr/local/libexec/pstf:

teak
#!/bin/sh
#
# hprf - Фильтр текста на языке FORTRAN для LaserJet 3si:
# Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/hprf
#

printf "\033&k2G" && fpr && printf "\033&l0H" &&
 exit 0
exit 2

/etc/printcap
teak
:rf=/usr/local/libexec/hprf:

teak
/etc/printcap
:df=/usr/local/libexec/hpdf:

dvi2xx
dvilj2p
dvilj2p
hpdf
.dvi
/dev/fd/0
.dvi
/dev/fd/0
dvilj2p
/tmp
bin
daemon
/tmp
sd
/etc/printcap
/tmp
#!/bin/sh
#
#  hpdf - Печать данных DVI на принтере HP/PCL
#  Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/hpdf

PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH; export PATH

#
#  Определяем функцию для удаления временных файлов. Они существуют
#  в текущем каталоге - в каталоге спулинга для принтера.
#
cleanup() {
   rm -f hpdf$$.dvi
}

#
#  Определяем функцию для обработки критических ошибок: напечатать заданное
#  сообщение и выйти с кодом 2. Код выхода 2 сообщает системе LPD, что не
#  надо повторно пытаться печатать задание.
#
fatal() {
    echo "$@" 1>&2
    cleanup
    exit 2
}

#
#  Если пользователь удаляет задание, система LPD будет посылать сигнал SIGINT,
#  поэтому перехватываем SIGINT (и пару других сигналов), чтобы убрать за собой.
#
trap cleanup 1 2 15

#
#  Гарантируем, что не конфликтуем с существующими файлами.
#
cleanup

#
#  Связываем входной файл DVI со стандартным входным потоком (файлом для печати).
#
ln -s /dev/fd/0 hpdf$$.dvi || fatal "Cannot symlink /dev/fd/0"

#
#  Заменяем LF = CR+LF
#
printf "\033&k2G" || fatal "Cannot initialize printer"

#
#  Преобразуем и печатаем. Значение, возвращаемое программой dvilj2p, не надежно,
#  так что мы его игнорируем.
#
dvilj2p -M1 -q -e- dfhp$$.dvi

#
#  Убираем за собой и завершаем работу
#
cleanup
exit 0

file
apsfilter
имя-фильтра
ширина
длина
ширина
pw
длина
pl
SIGSTOP
SIGCONT
lpf
lpf
lpf
lpf
/usr/libexec/lpr/lpf
lpr
-i
lpr -l
lpf
lpf
lpf
pw
pl
/etc/printcap
sh
/etc/printcap
sh
#!/bin/sh
#
#  hpof - Выходной фильтр для Hewlett Packard PCL-совместимых принтеров
#  Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/hpof

printf "\033&k2G" || exit 2
exec /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf

of
/etc/printcap
teak
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста orchid
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/hpvf:\
        :of=/usr/local/libexec/hpof:

teak
lpr -h
ff
/etc/printcap
rose
      k                   ll       ll
      k                    l        l
      k                    l        l
      k   k     eeee       l        l     y    y
      k  k     e    e      l        l     y    y
      k k      eeeeee      l        l     y    y
      kk k     e           l        l     y    y
      k   k    e    e      l        l     y   yy
      k    k    eeee      lll      lll     yyy y
                                               y
                                          y    y
                                           yyyy

                                   ll
                          t         l        i
                          t         l
       oooo    u    u   ttttt       l       ii     n nnn     eeee
      o    o   u    u     t         l        i     nn   n   e    e
      o    o   u    u     t         l        i     n    n   eeeeee
      o    o   u    u     t         l        i     n    n   e
      o    o   u   uu     t  t      l        i     n    n   e    e
       oooo     uuu u      tt      lll      iii    n    n    eeee

      r rrr     oooo     ssss     eeee
      rr   r   o    o   s    s   e    e
      r        o    o    ss      eeeeee
      r        o    o      ss    e
      r        o    o   s    s   e    e
      r         oooo     ssss     eeee

                                              Job:  outline
                                              Date: Sun Sep 17 11:04:58 1995

sf
/etc/printcap
sb
/etc/printcap
rose:kelly  Job: outline  Date: Sun Sep 17 11:07:51 1995

hl
/etc/printcap
lpr -h
lpr -h
lpr -h
af
sh
/etc/printcap
lpr -h
#!/bin/sh
#
#  make-ps-header - выдать начальную страницу на языке PostScript в stdout
#  Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/make-ps-header
#

#
#  Это единицы измерения PostScript (72 на дюйм). Измените значения для A4 или
#  другого используемого формата бумаги:
#
page_width=612
page_height=792
border=72

#
#  Проверяем аргументы
#
if [ $# -ne 3 ]; then
    echo "Usage: `basename $0` <user> <host> <job>" 1>&2
    exit 1
fi

#
#  Сохраняем значения в переменных, в основном, для упрощения понимания
#  последующего PostScript-кода.
#
user=$1
host=$2
job=$3
date=`date`

#
#  Посылаем PostScript-код в stdout.
#
exec cat <<EOF
%!PS

%
%  Гарантируем, что не будем влиять на следующее далее задание пользователя
%
save

%
%  Делаем тонкую некрасивую рамку по краям бумаги.
%
$border $border moveto
$page_width $border 2 mul sub 0 rlineto
0 $page_height $border 2 mul sub rlineto
currentscreen 3 -1 roll pop 100 3 1 roll setscreen
$border 2 mul $page_width sub 0 rlineto closepath
0.8 setgray 10 setlinewidth stroke 0 setgray

%
%  Выдаем регистрационное имя пользователя, красивыми, большими и рельефными буквами
%
/Helvetica-Bold findfont 64 scalefont setfont
$page_width ($user) stringwidth pop sub 2 div $page_height 200 sub moveto
($user) show

%
%  Теперь выдаем всякие детали
%
/Helvetica findfont 14 scalefont setfont
/y 200 def
[ (Job:) (Host:) (Date:) ] {
200 y moveto show /y y 18 sub def }
forall

/Helvetica-Bold findfont 14 scalefont setfont
/y 200 def
[ ($job) ($host) ($date) ] {
        270 y moveto show /y y 18 sub def
} forall

%
% Вот и все
%
restore
showpage
EOF

#!/bin/sh
#
#  psdf - фильтр преобразования DVI в PostScript
#  Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/psdf
#
#  Вызывается системой lpd при выполнении пользователем команды lpr -d
#

orig_args="$@"

fail() {
    echo "$@" 1>&2
    exit 2
}

while getopts "x:y:n:h:" option; do
    case $option in
        x|y)  ;; # Ignore
        n)    login=$OPTARG ;;
        h)    host=$OPTARG ;;
        *)    echo "LPD started `basename $0` wrong." 1>&2
              exit 2
              ;;
    esac
done

[ "$login" ] || fail "No login name"
[ "$host" ] || fail "No host name"

( /usr/local/libexec/make-ps-header $login $host "DVI File"
  /usr/local/bin/dvips -f ) | eval /usr/local/libexec/lprps $orig_args

lpr
lpr -h
lprps
psof
psof
text
hpif
/etc/printcap
lp
:lp=:
sd
rm
rp
/etc/printcap
rose
bamboo
rattan
orchid
/etc/printcap
orchid
teak
rose
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста orchid - добавлены (удаленные) принтеры на rose
#

#
#  teak - локальный принтер; он подключен непосредственно к orchid:
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/vfhp:\
        :of=/usr/local/libexec/ofhp:

#
#  rattan подключен к rose; посылать задания для rattan на хост rose:
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=rattan:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:

#
#  bamboo тоже подключен к rose:
#
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=bamboo:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:

orchid
# mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo
# chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo
# chown daemon:daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo

orchid
rattan
bamboo
orchid
% lpr -P bamboo -d sushi-review.dvi

orchid
/var/spool/lpd/bamboo
rose
bamboo
rose
rose
bamboo
rose
/etc/printcap
netprint
netprint
#!/usr/bin/perl
#
#  netprint - Текстовый фильтр для принтера, подключенного к сети
#  Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/netprint
#
$#ARGV eq 1 || die "Usage: $0 <printer-hostname> <port-number>";

$printer_host = $ARGV[0];
$printer_port = $ARGV[1];

require 'sys/socket.ph';

($ignore, $ignore, $protocol) = getprotobyname('tcp');
($ignore, $ignore, $ignore, $ignore, $address)
    = gethostbyname($printer_host);

$sockaddr = pack('S n a4 x8', &AF_INET, $printer_port, $address);

socket(PRINTER, &PF_INET, &SOCK_STREAM, $protocol)
    || die "Can't create TCP/IP stream socket: $!";
connect(PRINTER, $sockaddr) || die "Can't contact $printer_host: $!";
while (<STDIN>) { print PRINTER; }
exit 0;

#!/bin/sh
#
#  diablo-if-net - Текстовый фильтр для принтера Diablo `scrivener',
#  прослушивающего порт 5100. Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/diablo-if-net
#
exec /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf "$@" | /usr/local/libexec/netprint scrivener 5100

lpr -#5
sc
/etc/printcap
lpr: multiple copies are not allowed

sc
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
rose
rattan
bamboo
sc
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста rose - запрещает печать нескольких копий на bamboo
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

sc
/etc/printcap
orchid
teak
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста orchid - отключена печать нескольких копий на
#  локальном принтере teak и на удаленном принтере bamboo
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:sc:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/vfhp:\
        :of=/usr/local/libexec/ofhp:

rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=rattan:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=bamboo:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:

sc
lpr -#
% lpr forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign

rg
/etc/printcap
rg
root
lpr: Not a member of the restricted
group
sc
rg
rattan
artists
bamboo
/etc/printcap
rose
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста rose - ограничение группы для bamboo
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

/etc/printcap
orchid
orchid
bamboo
orchid
mx
BUFSIZ
mx
rattan
bamboo
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста rose
#

#
#  Без ограничения на размер задания:
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:mx#0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

#
#  Размер файла - не более пяти мегабайт:
#
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:mx#5000:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

mx
/etc/printcap
/etc/hosts.equiv
/etc/hosts.lpd
/etc/hosts.equiv
/etc/hosts.lpd
rose
orchid
violet
madrigal.fishbaum.de

rose
orchid
violet
madrigal.fishbaum.de
rose
minfree
minfree
minfree
bamboo
/etc/printcap
bamboo
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:mx#5000:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:mx#5000:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

sd
# echo 6144 > /var/spool/lpd/bamboo/minfree

rs
/etc/printcap
rs
/usr/bin/false
lpf
af
/etc/printcap
lpf
pw
pl
lpf
2.00 rose:andy
3.00 rose:kelly
3.00 orchid:mary
5.00 orchid:mary
2.00 orchid:zhang

lpf
lpf
af=acct
/etc/printcap
acct
pac
  Login           pages/feet   runs    price
orchid:kelly                5.00    1   $  0.10
orchid:mary                31.00    3   $  0.62
orchid:zhang                9.00    1   $  0.18
rose:andy                   2.00    1   $  0.04
rose:kelly                177.00  104   $  3.54
rose:mary                  87.00   32   $  1.74
rose:root                  26.00   12   $  0.52

total                     337.00  154   $  6.74

принтер
принтеру
af
/etc/printcap
smith
alpha
smith
gamma
стоимость
стоимость
pc
/etc/printcap
стоимость
имя
...
именами
pac -m
  Login           pages/feet   runs    price
andy                        2.00    1   $  0.04
kelly                     182.00  105   $  3.64
mary                      118.00   35   $  2.36
root                       26.00   12   $  0.52
zhang                       9.00    1   $  0.18

total                     337.00  154   $  6.74

pc
/etc/printcap
# pac -p1.50

pac -s
_sum
lpf
lpf
dvilj
dvips
имя-принтера
/etc/printcap
PRINTER
PRINTER
lp
PRINTER
lp
PRINTER
% lpr имя-файла ...

% lpr /etc/host.conf /etc/hosts.equiv

% lpr -P имя-принтера имя-файла ...

rattan
% ls -l | lpr -P rattan

lpr
ls
-l
% lpq -P bamboo

bamboo
lpq
bamboo is ready and printing
Rank   Owner    Job  Files                              Total Size
active kelly    9    /etc/host.conf, /etc/hosts.equiv   88 bytes
2nd    kelly    10   (standard input)                   1635 bytes
3rd    mary     11   ...                                78519 bytes

bamboo
active
mary
lpq -l
waiting for bamboo to become ready (offline ?)
kelly: 1st                 [job 009rose]
       /etc/host.conf                    73 bytes
       /etc/hosts.equiv                  15 bytes

kelly: 2nd                 [job 010rose]
       (standard input)                  1635 bytes

mary: 3rd                                [job 011rose]
      /home/orchid/mary/research/venus/alpha-regio/mapping 78519 bytes

% lprm номер-задания

bamboo
% lprm -P bamboo 10

пользователь
пользователю
rattan
% lprm -P rattan -

% lpr -P rattan myfile
% rlogin orchid
% lpq -P rattan
Rank   Owner      Job  Files                          Total Size
active seeyan      12    ...                           49123 bytes
2nd    kelly      13   myfile                         12 bytes
% lprm -P rattan 13
rose: Permission denied
% logout
% lprm -P rattan 13
dfA013rose dequeued
cfA013rose dequeued

fish-report.dvi
bamboo
% lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi

число
число
число
заголовок
заголовок
% zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr -t

копий
копий
parser.c
parser.h
% lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h

текст
текстом
текст
текстом
stdin
root
root
имя-принтера
all
имени-принтера
/etc/printcap
abort имя-принтера
clean имя-принтера
disable имя-принтера
root
root
enable
down имя-принтера сообщение
disable
stop
сообщение
lpc status
enable имя-принтера
help имя-команды
имя-команды
имя-команды
restart имя-принтера
stop
down
restart
abort
start
start имя-принтера
stop имя-принтера
topq имя-принтера задание-или-имя-пользователя
задания
пользователя
all
имени-принтера
up имя-принтера
down
start
enable
exit
quit
/usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#!/bin/sh
#
# if-simple - Простой текстовый входной фильтр для lpd
# Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#
# Просто копирует stdin в stdout. Игнорирует все аргументы фильтра.
# Выдает символ прогона страницы (\f) после печати задания.

/bin/cat && printf "\f" && exit 0
exit 2

!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234
                "#$%&'()*+,-./012345
                                 #$%&'()*+,-./0123456

ms#
onlcr
/etc/printcap
#!/bin/sh
#
# hpif - Простой текстовый входной фильтр для lpd для принтеров на базе HP-PCL
# Установлен в /usr/local/libexec/hpif
#
# Просто копирует stdin в stdout. Игнорирует все аргументы фильтра.
# Требует от принтера обрабатывать LF как CR+LF. Выдает страницу по окончании.

printf "\033&k2G" && cat && printf "\033&l0H" && exit 0
exit 2

/etc/printcap
orchid
teak
#
#  /etc/printcap для хоста orchid
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:

ixon
ms#
crtscts
ms#
br
ms#
/etc/printcap
lf
/etc/printcap
rattan
lf
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:\
        :lf=/var/log/rattan.log

/var/log/rattan.log
lf
/dev/console
linux
root
# kldload linux

/etc/rc.conf
linux_enable="YES"

% kldstat
Id Refs Address    Size     Name
 1    2 0xc0100000 16bdb8   kernel
 7    1 0xc24db000 d000     linux.ko

options
COMPAT_LINUX
# cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base
# make install distclean

emulators/linux_base
/compat/linux
/lib/libc.so
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so
/lib/libc.so
ld.so
linux_base
root
ldd
linuxdoom
% ldd linuxdoom
libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
libX11.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29

/compat/linux
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3 -> libXt.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3 -> libX11.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29

ldd
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.27

ldd
libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29

/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
libc.so
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29

% ./моя-linux-elf-программа
ELF binary type not known
Abort

% brandelf -t Linux моя-linux-elf-программа

resolv+: "bind" is an invalid keyword resolv+:
"hosts" is an invalid keyword

/compat/linux/etc/host.conf
order hosts, bind
multi on

/etc/hosts
/compat/linux/etc/host.conf
/etc/host.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
bind
/compat/linux/etc/host.conf
# sysctl kern.fallback_elf_brand=3

MathInstaller
# mount /cdrom
# cp /cdrom/Unix/Installers/Linux/MathInstaller /localdir/

/bin/sh
/compat/linux/bin/sh
Linux)
FreeBSD)
uname -s
MathInstaller
/usr/local/bin
math
mathematica
Mathematica
MathKernel
Linux)
FreeBSD)
#!/bin/sh
cd /usr/local/bin
for i in math mathematica Mathematica MathKernel
  do sed 's/Linux)/FreeBSD)/g' $i > $i.tmp
  sed 's/\/bin\/sh/\/compat\/linux\/bin\/sh/g' $i.tmp > $i
  rm $i.tmp
  chmod a+x $i
done

mathinfo
/cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts
/usr/local/mathematica/SystemFiles/Fonts
Type1
X
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts
fonts.dir
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts
# cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts
# mkdir X
# mkdir MathType1
# cd /cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts
# cp X/* /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X
# cp Type1/* /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/MathType1
# cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X
# mkfontdir
# cd ../MathType1
# mkfontdir

# xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X
# xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/MathType1
# xset fp rehash

xorg.conf
XF86Config
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
MathType1
Type1
INSTALL
/usr/local/maple
/usr/local/maple/license/license.dat
INSTALL_LIC
/usr/local/maple/bin/maple.system.type
   ----- snip ------------------
*** maple.system.type.orig      Sun Jul  8 16:35:33 2001
--- maple.system.type   Sun Jul  8 16:35:51 2001
***************
*** 72,77 ****
--- 72,78 ----
          # the IBM RS/6000 AIX case
          MAPLE_BIN="bin.IBM_RISC_UNIX"
          ;;
+     "FreeBSD"|\
      "Linux")
          # the Linux/x86 case
        # We have two Linux implementations, one for Red Hat and
   ----- snip end of patch -----

"FreeBSD"|\
bin/maple
bin/maple.system.type
uname -a
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/lmgrd.sh
lmgrd
   ----- snip ------------

#! /bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/maple/bin:/usr/local/maple/FLEXlm/UNIX/LINUX
export PATH

LICENSE_FILE=/usr/local/maple/license/license.dat
LOG=/var/log/lmgrd.log

case "$1" in
start)
        lmgrd -c ${LICENSE_FILE} 2>> ${LOG} 1>&2
        echo -n " lmgrd"
        ;;
stop)
        lmgrd -c ${LICENSE_FILE} -x lmdown 2>> ${LOG} 1>&2
        ;;
*)
        echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" 1>&2
        exit 64
        ;;
esac

exit 0
   ----- snip ------------

% cd /usr/local/maple/bin
% ./xmaple

lmgrd
# =======================================================
# License File for UNIX Installations ("Pointer File")
# =======================================================
SERVER chillig ANY
#USE_SERVER
VENDOR maplelmg

FEATURE Maple maplelmg 2000.0831 permanent 1 XXXXXXXXXXXX \
         PLATFORMS=i86_r ISSUER="Waterloo Maple Inc." \
         ISSUED=11-may-2000 NOTICE=" Technische Universitat Wien" \
         SN=XXXXXXXXX

chillig
root
# /compat/linux/bin/sh /cdrom/install

setenv HOME ~USER
USER
set
MATLAB=/compat/linux/usr/local/matlab
$MATLAB/license.dat
# ln -s $MATLAB/etc/lmboot /usr/local/etc/lmboot_TMW
# ln -s $MATLAB/etc/lmdown /usr/local/etc/lmdown_TMW

/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh
$MATLAB/etc/rc.lm.glnx86
#!/bin/sh
case "$1" in
  start)
        if [ -f /usr/local/etc/lmboot_TMW ]; then
              /compat/linux/bin/sh /usr/local/etc/lmboot_TMW -u username && echo 'MATLAB_lmgrd'
        fi
        ;;
  stop)
        if [ -f /usr/local/etc/lmdown_TMW ]; then
            /compat/linux/bin/sh /usr/local/etc/lmdown_TMW  > /dev/null 2>&1
        fi
        ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

exit 0

# chmod +x /usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh

username
root
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh start

# cd $MATLAB/sys/java/jre/glnx86/
# unlink jre; ln -s ./jre1.1.8 ./jre

/usr/local/bin/matlab
#!/bin/sh
/compat/linux/bin/sh /compat/linux/usr/local/matlab/bin/matlab "$@"

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/matlab
emulators/linux_base
/compat/linux/usr/local/matlab/bin/matlab
if [ `expr "$lscmd" : '.*->.*'` -ne 0 ]; then

if test -L $newbase; then

$MATLAB/toolbox/local/finish.m
! $MATLAB/bin/finish.sh

$MATLAB
finishsav.m
finishdlg.m
save
$MATLAB/bin/finish.sh
#!/usr/compat/linux/bin/sh
(sleep 5; killall -1 matlab_helper) &
exit 0

# chmod +x $MATLAB/bin/finish.sh

matlab
emulators/linux_base
devel/linux_devtools
tcl-8.0.3-20.i386.rpm
archivers/rpm
# rpm -i --ignoreos --root /compat/linux --dbpath /var/lib/rpm пакет

пакета
SHMMAX
SHMMAX
SHMMAXPGS
PGSIZE
SHMMAXPGS
options SHMMAXPGS=10000
options SHMMNI=100
options SHMSEG=10
options SEMMNS=200
options SEMMNI=70
options SEMMSL=61

options SYSVSHM # совместно используемая память SysV
options SYSVSEM # семафоры SysV
options SYSVMSG # межпроцессное взаимодействие SysV

oracle
oracle
/compat/linux/bin/bash
/etc/shells
oracle
/compat/linux/bin/bash
ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$ORACLE_HOME/lib
CLASSPATH
$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/classes111.zip
PATH
/compat/linux/bin /compat/linux/sbin /compat/linux/usr/bin
/compat/linux/usr/sbin /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin
$ORACLE_HOME/bin
.profile
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle; export ORACLE_HOME
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
ORACLE_SID=ORCL; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=386x; export ORACLE_TERM
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/classes111.zip
export CLASSPATH
PATH=/compat/linux/bin:/compat/linux/sbin:/compat/linux/usr/bin
PATH=$PATH:/compat/linux/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH

.oracle
/var/tmp
oracle
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib
# make -f ins_network.mk ntcontab.o
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
# ar r libnetwork.a ntcontab.o
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib
# make -f ins_network.mk install

root.sh
root
root.sh
orainst
*** orainst/root.sh.orig Tue Oct 6 21:57:33 1998
--- orainst/root.sh Mon Dec 28 15:58:53 1998
***************
*** 31,37 ****
# This is the default value for CHOWN
# It will redefined later in this script for those ports
# which have it conditionally defined in ss_install.h
! CHOWN=/bin/chown
#
# Define variables to be used in this script
--- 31,37 ----
# This is the default value for CHOWN
# It will redefined later in this script for those ports
# which have it conditionally defined in ss_install.h
! CHOWN=/usr/sbin/chown
#
# Define variables to be used in this script

root.sh
rthd.sh
orainst
genclntsh
PATH
*** bin/genclntsh.orig Wed Sep 30 07:37:19 1998
--- bin/genclntsh Tue Dec 22 15:36:49 1998
***************
*** 32,38 ****
#
# Explicit path to ensure that we're using the correct commands
#PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin export PATH
! PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin export PATH
#
# each product MUST provide a $PRODUCT/admin/shrept.lst
--- 32,38 ----
#
# Explicit path to ensure that we're using the correct commands
#PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin export PATH
! #PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin export PATH
#
# each product MUST provide a $PRODUCT/admin/shrept.lst

/dev/da
/dev/amr
/dev/amr0s1a
/dev/da0s1a
/dev/da0s1a
/
/dev/da0s1b
/dev/da0s1e
/var
/dev/da0s1f
/usr
/dev/da1s1e
/compat/linux/oracle
/dev/da1s1f
/compat/linux/sapmnt
/dev/da1s1g
/compat/linux/usr/sap
make world
root
# cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base
# make install distclean

# cd /usr/ports/devel/linux_devtools
# make install distclean

R3SETUP
# rpm -i --ignoreos --nodeps --root /compat/linux --dbpath /var/lib/rpm \
pam-0.68-7.i386.rpm

tcl-8.0.5-30.i386.rpm
linprocfs
/etc/fstab
kern.fallback_elf_brand=3
/etc/sysctl.conf
/compat/linux/oracle
/compat/linux/sapmnt
/compat/linux/usr/sap
# ln -s /compat/linux/oracle /oracle
# ln -s /compat/linux/sapmnt /sapmnt
# ln -s /compat/linux/usr/sap /usr/sap

INFO 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND SyLinkCreate:200
    Checking existence of symbolic link /usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg to
    /sapmnt/PRD/exe. Creating if it does not exist...

WARNING 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND SyLinkCreate:400
    Link /usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg exists but it points to file
    /compat/linux/sapmnt/PRD/exe instead of /sapmnt/PRD/exe. The
    program cannot go on as long as this link exists at this
    location. Move the link to another location.

ERROR 2002-03-19 16:45:36 R3LINKS_IND_IND Ins_SetupLinks:0
    can not setup link '/usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/dbg' with content
    '/sapmnt/PRD/exe'

SAP
NIX
IDS
PRD
dba
oper
dba
sid
sid
Name: sidadm
Password: ******
Fullname: SAP Administrator SID
Uid: 1000
Gid: 101 (sapsys)
Class:
Groups: sapsys dba
HOME: /home/sidadm
Shell: bash  (/compat/linux/bin/bash)

Name: orasid
Password: ******
Fullname: Oracle Administrator SID
Uid: 1002
Gid: 100 (dba)
Class:
Groups: dba
HOME: /oracle/sid
Shell: bash  (/compat/linux/bin/bash)

oper
dba
oper
root
# chmod 775 /oracle
# chmod 777 /sapmnt
# chown root:dba /oracle
# chown sidadm:sapsys /compat/linux/usr/sap
# chmod 775 /compat/linux/usr/sap

orasid
/oracle/SID
# su - orasid
# cd /oracle/SID
# mkdir mirrlogA mirrlogB origlogA origlogB
# mkdir sapdata1 sapdata2 sapdata3 sapdata4 sapdata5 sapdata6
# mkdir saparch sapreorg
# exit

# su - orasid
# cd /oracle
# mkdir 805_32
# mkdir client stage
# mkdir client/80x_32
# mkdir stage/817_32
# cd /oracle/SID
# mkdir 817_32

client/80x_32
sidadm
# su - sidadm
# cd /usr/sap
# mkdir SID
# mkdir trans
# exit

/etc/services
/etc/services
00
00
99
dp
gw
sp
ms
99
sapdp00  3200/tcp # SAP Dispatcher.      3200 + Instance-Number
sapgw00  3300/tcp # SAP Gateway.         3300 + Instance-Number
sapsp00  3400/tcp #                      3400 + Instance-Number
sapms00  3500/tcp #                      3500 + Instance-Number
sapmsSID 3600/tcp # SAP Message Server.  3600 + Instance-Number
sapgw00s   4800/tcp # SAP Secure Gateway   4800 + Instance-Number

de_DE.ISO-8859-1
en_US.ISO-8859-1

# cd /compat/linux/usr/share/locale
# ln -s de_DE de_DE.ISO-8859-1
# ln -s en_US en_US.ISO-8859-1

STATUS
OK
CENTRDB.R3S
# Для пожирателей памяти (SAP и Oracle):
options MAXDSIZ="(1024*1024*1024)"
options DFLDSIZ="(1024*1024*1024)"
# Необходимые опции System V.
options SYSVSHM #совместно используемая память в стиле SYSV
options SHMMAXPGS=262144 #макс. количество страниц совместно используемой
#options SHMMAXPGS=393216 #use this for the 46C inst.parameters
options SHMMNI=256 #макс. количество идентификаторов совместно используемой
options SHMSEG=100 #макс. количество сегментов разд. памяти на процесс
options SYSVMSG #очереди сообщений в стиле SYSV
options MSGSEG=32767 #макс. количество сегментов сообщений в системе
options MSGSSZ=32 #размер сегмента сообщений. ДОЛЖЕН быть степенью 2
options MSGMNB=65535 #макс. символов на очередь сообщений
options MSGTQL=2046 #макс. количество сообщений в системе
options SYSVSEM #семафоры в стиле SYSV
options SEMMNU=256 #количество структур UNDO семафоров
options SEMMNS=1024 #количество семафоров в системе
options SEMMNI=520 #количество идентификаторов семафоров
options SEMUME=100       #количество ключей UNDO

MAXDSIZ
DFLDSIZ
ORA-27102: out of memory
Linux Error: 12: Cannot allocate memory
/oracle/SID/sapreorg/имя_cd

имя_cd
KERNEL
RDBMS
EXPORT1
EXPORT2
EXPORT3
EXPORT4
EXPORT5
EXPORT6
KERNEL
RDBMS
DISK1
DISK2
DISK3
DISK4
LANG
# mount_cd9660 -g /dev/cd0a /mnt
# cp -R /mnt/* /oracle/SID/sapreorg/имя_cd
# umount /mnt

install
# cd /oracle/SID/sapreorg
# mkdir install
# cd install

install
# /oracle/SID/sapreorg/KERNEL/UNIX/INSTTOOL.SH

CENTRDB.R3S
CENTRDB.R3S
EXPORT1
R3SETUP
CENTRAL.R3S
hostname
alias hostname='hostname -s'
orasid
sidadm
root
root
.profile
.login
R3SETUP
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/oracle/IDS/lib:/sapmnt/IDS/exe:/oracle/805_32/lib

R3SETUP
root
# cd /oracle/IDS/sapreorg/install
# ./R3SETUP -f CENTRDB.R3S

sid
sid
LABEL.ASC
CENTRDB.R3S
R3SETUP
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/sapmnt/PRD/exe:/oracle/PRD/817_32/lib

R3SETUP
root
# cd /oracle/PRD/sapreorg/install
# ./R3SETUP -f CENTRAL.R3S

oraprd
prdadm
orasid
sidadm
Readme
orainst
compat-libs-5.2-2.i386.rpm
compat-glibc-5.2-2.0.7.2.i386.rpm
compat-egcs-5.2-1.0.3a.1.i386.rpm
compat-egcs-c++-5.2-1.0.3a.1.i386.rpm
compat-binutils-5.2-2.9.1.0.23.1.i386.rpm
Readme
tcl-8.0.3-20.i386.rpm
tcl-8.0.5-30.i386.rpm
# su - oraids
# export TERM=xterm
# export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
# export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/IDS
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/orainst_sap
# ./orainst

i386-glibc20-linux-gcc
gcc
egcs
i386-redhat-linux-gcc
oracle81732.tgz
/oracle/SID/817_32/
idsamd
sid
oraids
sid
.profile
.login
.cshrc
hostname
hostname
hostname -s
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3load
dipgntab
orasid
% umask 0; lsnrctl start

idsadm
saplicense
# /sapmnt/IDS/exe/saplicense -get

saplicense
# /sapmnt/IDS/exe/saplicense -install

SAP SYSTEM ID   = SID, 3 символа
CUSTOMER KEY    = ключ оборудования, 11 символов
INSTALLATION NO = установка, 10 цифр
EXPIRATION DATE = yyyymmdd, обычно - "99991231"
LICENSE KEY     = лицензионный ключ, 24 символа

sap*
ddic
wartung
service
sap_new
sap_all
sap*
ddic
ddic
sap*
initsid.sap
initIDS.sap
/oracle/IDS/dbs/initIDS.sap
sapdba
brbackup
compress = hardware
archive_function = copy_delete_save
cpio_flags = "-ov --format=newc --block-size=128 --quiet"
cpio_in_flags = "-iuv --block-size=128 --quiet"
tape_size = 38000M
tape_address = /dev/nsa0
tape_address_rew = /dev/sa0

brbackup
cpio
cpio
cpio
Mem: 547M Active, 305M Inact, 109M Wired, 40M Cache, 112M Buf, 3492K Free

R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3S
# ./R3SETUP -f CENTRDB.R3S

# ./R3SETUP -f CENTRAL.R3S

CENTRAL.R3S
DATABASE.R3S
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
orasid
umask 0;
lsnrctl start
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
CENTRDB.R3S
CENTRAL.R3S
DATABASE.R3S
[OSUSERSIDADM_IND_ORA]
STATUS=ERROR
HOME=/home/sidadm (было пусто)
STATUS=OK (был статус ERROR)

R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
CENTRDB.R3S
CENTRAL.R3S
DATABASE.R3S
[OSUSERDBSID_IND_ORA]
STATUS=ERROR
STATUS=OK

R3SETUP
oraview.vrf FILE NOT FOUND
TEXTENV_INVALID
R3SETUP
saplocales-1.0-3
saposcheck-1.0-1
STATUS
ERROR
OK
CENTRDB.R3S
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
Sat May 5 14:23:14 2001
*** ERROR => no valid userarea given [trgmsgo. 0401]
Sat May 5 14:23:22 2001
*** ERROR => ERROR NR 24 occured [trgmsgi. 0410]
*** ERROR => Error when generating text environment. [trgmsgi. 0435]
*** ERROR => function failed [trgmsgi. 0447]
*** ERROR => no socket operation allowed [trxio.c 3363]
Speicherzugriffsfehler

DEFAULT.PFL
abap/set_etct_env_at_new_mode = 0
install/collate/active = 0
rscp/TCP0B = TCP0B

DEFAULT.PFL
ipcs -a
ipcrm
startsap
startsap_majestix_00
prdadm
oraprd
svrmgrl
% svrmgrl
SVRMGR> connect internal;
SVRMGR> startup;
SVRMGR> exit

oraids
# umask 0; lsnrctl start

MAXDSIZ
DFLDSIZ
Linux Error 12:
Cannot allocate memory
R3SETUP
R3SETUP
DIPGNTAB
""
SID
/usr/sap/IDS/SYS/...
/usr/sap/IDS/DVMGS00

/usr/sap//SYS/...
/usr/sap/D00

# pwd
/compat/linux/usr/sap
# ls -l
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 3  idsadm sapsys 512 May 5 11:20 D00
drwxr-x--x 5  idsadm sapsys 512 May 5 11:35 IDS
lrwxr-xr-x 1  root   sapsys 7 May 5 11:35 SYS -> IDS/SYS
drwxrwxr-x 2  idsadm sapsys 512 May 5 13:00 tmp
drwxrwxr-x 11 idsadm sapsys 512 May 4 14:20 trans

R3SETUP
STATUS
ERROR
OK
CENTRDB.R3S
R3SETUP
RSWBOINS
RFCRSWBOINI
RFCRADDBDIF
R3SETUP
STATUS
ERROR
OK
CENTRDB.R3S
R3SETUP
RADDBDIF
startsap
ps ax | grep SID
/usr/sap/SID/DVEBMGSnr/work/
dev_ms
dev_disp
# большее значение для производственных систем 46C:
options SHMMAXPGS=393216
# меньшее значение, достаточное для 46B:
#options SHMMAXPGS=262144

saposcol
saposcol
saposcol
<199906020108.SAA07001@usr09.primenet.com>
#!
:\n
#!
/bin/sh
Linux
# brandelf -t Linux file

Linux
Linux
proc
sysent[]
sysent[]
proc
union
unionfs
/compat/linux/исходное_полное_имя
/исходное_полное_имя
/compat/linux
sysent[]
proc
rc.conf
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
/etc
sysctl
/usr
/var
/usr
/var
/var
/var/tmp
/usr
/var
/
/usr
/var
/var/tmp
/var
/etc/rc.conf
rc*
rc.conf
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
/etc
rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf.site
/etc/rc.conf
rc.conf
   . /etc/rc.conf.site
    hostname="node15.example.com"
    network_interfaces="fxp0 lo0"
    ifconfig_fxp0="inet 10.1.1.1"

   defaultrouter="10.1.1.254"
    saver="daemon"
    blanktime="100"

rc.conf.site
rsync
rc.conf
make world
rc.conf
/usr/local/etc
.default
.default
/usr/local/etc/apache
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2184 May 20  1998 access.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2184 May 20  1998 access.conf.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   9555 May 20  1998 httpd.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   9555 May 20  1998 httpd.conf.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel  12205 May 20  1998 magic
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel  12205 May 20  1998 magic.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2700 May 20  1998 mime.types
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2700 May 20  1998 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   7980 May 20  1998 srm.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   7933 May 20  1998 srm.conf.default

srm.conf
mail/postfix
www/apache13
rc.d
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
rc.d
.sh
chmod
755
start
stop
#!/bin/sh
echo -n ' utility'

case "$1" in
start)
        /usr/local/bin/utility
        ;;
stop)
        kill -9 `cat /var/run/utility.pid`
        ;;
*)
        echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" >&2
        exit 64
        ;;
esac

exit 0

stop
start
utility
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/utility.sh start

rc.conf
rc.d
rc.d
rc.conf
#!/bin/sh
#
# PROVIDE: utility
# REQUIRE: DAEMON
# KEYWORD: shutdown

#
# НЕ МЕНЯЙТЕ ЗДЕСЬ ЭТИ СТАНДАРТНЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ
# ЗАДАВАЙТЕ ИХ В ФАЙЛЕ /etc/rc.conf

#

utility_enable=${utility_enable-"NO"}
utility_flags=${utility_flags-""}
utility_pidfile=${utility_pidfile-"/var/run/utility.pid"}

. /etc/rc.subr

name="utility"
rcvar=`set_rcvar`
command="/usr/local/sbin/utility"

load_rc_config $name

pidfile="${utility_pidfile}"

start_cmd="echo \"Starting ${name}.\"; /usr/bin/nice -5 ${command} ${utility_flags} ${command_args}"

run_rc_command "$1"

daemon
/etc/rc.conf
utility_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.subr
rc.conf
/etc/inetd.conf
cron
crontab
cron
@reboot
cron
cron
/etc/crontab
cron
/var/cron/tabs
crontab
crontab
cron
cron
root
root
/etc/crontab
root
/etc/crontab
# /etc/crontab - root's crontab for FreeBSD
#
# $FreeBSD: src/etc/crontab,v 1.32 2002/11/22 16:13:39 tom Exp $
# 
#
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin 
HOME=/var/log
#
#
#minute hour    mday    month   wday    who command 
#
#
*/5 *   *   *   *   root    /usr/libexec/atrun 

=
SHELL
PATH
HOME
cron
sh
PATH
HOME
cron
minute
hour
mday
month
wday
who
command
minute
hour
mday
month
wday
who
/etc/crontab
crontab
command
*/5
*
*
atrun
root
atrun
crontab
/etc/crontab
crontab
cron
crontab
crontab
% crontab crontab-file

crontab-file
crontab
crontab
crontab -e
crontab
crontab
crontab
rc.d
/etc/rc.d
# /etc/rc.d/sshd restart

/etc/rc.conf
natd_enable="YES"

rc.d
/etc/rc.conf
sshd restart
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf
sshd
/etc/rc.conf
# /etc/rc.d/sshd forcerestart

/etc/rc.conf
rc.d
sshd
# /etc/rc.d/sshd rcvar
# sshd
$sshd_enable=YES

# sshd
sshd
root
sshd
# /etc/rc.d/sshd status
sshd is running as pid 433.

SIGHUP
rc.d
bgfsck
Starting background file system checks in 60 seconds.

rpcbind
PROVIDE
REQUIRE
BEFORE
rc.d
/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
/usr/src/sys/arch/conf/NOTES
NOTES
LINT
NOTES
LINT
GENERIC
dc0: <82c169 PNIC 10/100BaseTX> port 0xa000-0xa0ff mem 0xd3800000-0xd38
000ff irq 15 at device 11.0 on pci0
dc0: Ethernet address: 00:a0:cc:da:da:da
miibus0: <MII bus> on dc0
ukphy0: <Generic IEEE 802.3u media interface> on miibus0
ukphy0:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto
dc1: <82c169 PNIC 10/100BaseTX> port 0x9800-0x98ff mem 0xd3000000-0xd30
000ff irq 11 at device 12.0 on pci0
dc1: Ethernet address: 00:a0:cc:da:da:db
miibus1: <MII bus> on dc1
ukphy1: <Generic IEEE 802.3u media interface> on miibus1
ukphy1:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto

GENERIC
/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
/usr/src/sys/arch/conf/NOTES
GENERIC
% ifconfig
dc0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255
        ether 00:a0:cc:da:da:da
        media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
dc1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255
        ether 00:a0:cc:da:da:db
        media: Ethernet 10baseT/UTP
        status: no carrier
lp0: flags=8810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
tun0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

inet6
dc0
dc1
lp0
lo0
tun0
sis2
dc0
UP
inet
192.168.1.3
netmask
0xffffff00
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.255
ether
00:a0:cc:da:da:da
media:
Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
dc1
10baseT/UTP
status
active
dc1
status: no carrier
dc0: flags=8843<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
            ether 00:a0:cc:da:da:da

root
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf
ifconfig_dc0="inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_dc1="inet 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 10baseT/UTP"

dc0
dc1
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/hosts
/usr/share/examples/etc/hosts
/etc/rc.conf
% ping -c5 192.168.1.3
PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.082 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.076 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.108 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.076 ms

--- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.074/0.083/0.108/0.013 ms

% ping -c5 192.168.1.2
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.726 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.766 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.700 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.747 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.704 ms

--- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.700/0.729/0.766/0.025 ms

192.168.1.2
/etc/hosts
device
timeouts
watchdog timeout
No route to host
netstat -rn
ping: sendto: Permission denied
ipfw
autoselect
/etc/rc.conf
fxp0
ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"

alias0
_alias1
_alias2
255.255.255.255
0xffffffff
fxp0
10.1.1.0
255.255.255.0
202.0.75.16
255.255.255.240
10.1.1.1
10.1.1.5
202.0.75.17
202.0.75.20
10.0.1.1
202.0.75.17
10.1.1.2
10.1.1.5
202.0.75.18
202.0.75.20
255.255.255.255
/etc/rc.conf
ifconfig_fxp0="inet 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet 10.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias1="inet 10.1.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias2="inet 10.1.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias3="inet 10.1.1.5 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias4="inet 202.0.75.17 netmask 255.255.255.240"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias5="inet 202.0.75.18 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias6="inet 202.0.75.19 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_fxp0_alias7="inet 202.0.75.20 netmask 255.255.255.255"

/etc
/etc
/etc/defaults
/etc/mail
/etc/ppp
/etc/namedb
named.conf
/usr/local/etc
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
/var/db
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
resolv.conf
nameserver
search
domain
resolv.conf
search example.com
nameserver 147.11.1.11
nameserver 147.11.100.30

search
domain
resolv.conf
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts
# $FreeBSD$
#
# Host Database
# This file should contain the addresses and aliases
# for local hosts that share this file.
# In the presence of the domain name service or NIS, this file may
# not be consulted at all; see /etc/nsswitch.conf for the resolution order.
#
#
::1                     localhost localhost.my.domain myname.my.domain
127.0.0.1               localhost localhost.my.domain myname.my.domain

#
# Imaginary network.
#10.0.0.2               myname.my.domain myname
#10.0.0.3               myfriend.my.domain myfriend
#
# According to RFC 1918, you can use the following IP networks for
# private nets which will never be connected to the Internet:
#
#       10.0.0.0        -   10.255.255.255
#       172.16.0.0      -   172.31.255.255
#       192.168.0.0     -   192.168.255.255
#
# In case you want to be able to connect to the Internet, you need
# real official assigned numbers.  PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE do not try
# to invent your own network numbers but instead get one from your
# network provider (if any) or from the Internet Registry (ftp to
# rs.internic.net, directory `/templates').
#

/etc/hosts
[IP адрес в Интернете] [имя компьютера] [alias1] [alias2] ...

10.0.0.1 myRealHostname.example.com myRealHostname foobar1 foobar2

syslog.conf
syslog.conf
syslog
# $FreeBSD$
#
#       Spaces ARE valid field separators in this file. However,
#       other *nix-like systems still insist on using tabs as field
#       separators. If you are sharing this file between systems, you
#       may want to use only tabs as field separators here.
#       Consult the syslog.conf(5) manual page.
*.err;kern.debug;auth.notice;mail.crit          /dev/console
*.notice;kern.debug;lpr.info;mail.crit;news.err /var/log/messages
security.*                                      /var/log/security
mail.info                                       /var/log/maillog
lpr.info                                        /var/log/lpd-errs
cron.*                                          /var/log/cron
*.err                                           root
*.notice;news.err                               root
*.alert                                         root
*.emerg                                         *
# uncomment this to log all writes to /dev/console to /var/log/console.log
#console.info                                   /var/log/console.log
# uncomment this to enable logging of all log messages to /var/log/all.log
#*.*                                            /var/log/all.log
# uncomment this to enable logging to a remote log host named loghost
#*.*                                            @loghost
# uncomment these if you're running inn
# news.crit                                     /var/log/news/news.crit
# news.err                                      /var/log/news/news.err
# news.notice                                   /var/log/news/news.notice
!startslip
*.*                                             /var/log/slip.log
!ppp
*.*                                             /var/log/ppp.log

newsyslog.conf
newsyslog.conf
logfile
logfile.0
logfile.0
logfile.1
logfile.0.gz
logfile.1.gz
newsyslog.conf
# configuration file for newsyslog
# $FreeBSD$
#
# filename          [owner:group]    mode count size when [ZB] [/pid_file] [sig_num]
/var/log/cron                           600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/amd.log                        644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/kerberos.log                   644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/lpd-errs                       644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/maillog                        644  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/sendmail.st                    644  10    *    168   B
/var/log/messages                       644  5     100  *     Z
/var/log/all.log                        600  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/slip.log                       600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/ppp.log                        600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/security                       600  10    100  *     Z
/var/log/wtmp                           644  3     *    @01T05 B
/var/log/daily.log                      640  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/weekly.log                     640  5     1    $W6D0 Z
/var/log/monthly.log                    640  12    *    $M1D0 Z
/var/log/console.log                    640  5     100  *     Z

sysctl.conf
sysctl.conf
rc.conf
variable=value
sysctl.conf
kern.logsigexit=0       # Do not log fatal signal exits (e.g. sig 11)
compat.linux.osname=FreeBSD
compat.linux.osrelease=4.3-STABLE

% sysctl -a

% sysctl kern.maxproc
kern.maxproc: 1044

переменная
значение
# sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000
kern.maxfiles: 2088 -> 5000

1
0
/etc/sysctl.conf
cbb0: Could not map register memory
device_probe_and_attach: cbb0 attach returned 12

/boot/loader.conf
/boot/defaults/loader.conf
1
SCSI_DELAY
SCSI_DELAY
15
5
# tunefs -n enable /filesystem
# tunefs -n disable /filesystem

-U
make
installworld
rm -r
tar -x
mount -o async
fsck
mount -f
fsck
fsck
fsck
rm
file: table is
full
dmesg
maxusers
0
maxusers
0
maxusers
maxusers
20 + 16 * maxusers
maxusers
maxusers
ftp.FreeBSD.org
maxusers
pseudo-device pty 16
device
pty
128
1024
NMBCLUSTERS
NMBCLUSTERS
NSFBUFS
/boot/loader.conf
sfbufa
struct sf_buf
10000
20000
30000
1
0
6144
inflight
# sysctl vfs.numvnodes
vfs.numvnodes: 91349

# sysctl kern.maxvnodes
kern.maxvnodes: 100000

/usr/swap0
GENERIC
pseudo-device   vn 1   #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device)

# cd /dev
# sh MAKEDEV vn0

/usr/swap0
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64

/usr/swap0
# chmod 0600 /usr/swap0

/etc/rc.conf
swapfile="/usr/swap0"   # Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired.

# vnconfig -e /dev/vn0b /usr/swap0 swap

GENERIC
device   md   # Memory "disks"

/usr/swap0
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64

/usr/swap0
# chmod 0600 /usr/swap0

/etc/rc.conf
swapfile="/usr/swap0"   # Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired.

# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /usr/swap0 -u 0 && swapon /dev/md0

device acpica
acpi.ko
acpi.ko
1-5
1
5
# halt -p

-v
-v
sysctl hw.acpi
# acpidump -t -d > name-system.asl

name
system
njl-FooCo6000.asl
src/sys/contrib/dev/acpica
src/sys/dev/acpica/Osd
src/sys/dev/acpica
hint.psm.0.flags="0x3000"
/boot/loader.conf
S1
S3
STD
S4
S5
S4
S4
S4
sysctl hw.acpi
hw.acpi.supported_sleep_state: S3 S4 S5
hw.acpi.s4bios: 0

acpiconf -s
S3
S4
S5
1
S4
S4
S1
S2
S1
S3
nvidia.ko
/etc/rc.suspend
/etc/rc.resume
0
acpi0
vmstat
-i
show interrupts
loader.conf
hint.apic.0.disabled="1"
options DDB
tr
hw.acpi.disable_on_poweroff="0"
1
acpidump
ACPI-1287: *** Error: Method execution failed [\\_SB_.PCI0.LPC0.FIGD._STA] \\
       (Node 0xc3f6d160), AE_NOT_FOUND

# iasl your.asl

acpi.sys
acpiec.sys
/boot/loader.conf
hw.acpi.osname="Windows 2001"
iasl
your.asl
# iasl your.asl

DSDT.aml
iasl
/boot/loader.conf
acpi_dsdt_load="YES"
acpi_dsdt_name="/boot/DSDT.aml"

DSDT.aml
/boot
options ACPI_DEBUG
ACPI_DEBUG=1
/etc/make.conf
acpi.ko
# cd /sys/modules/acpi/acpi
&& make clean && make
ACPI_DEBUG=1

acpi.ko
/boot/kernel
loader.conf
debug.acpi.layer="ACPI_ALL_COMPONENTS ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS"
debug.acpi.level="ACPI_LV_ERROR"

loader.conf
sysctl
sysctl
loader.conf
/boot/mbr
/boot/boot0
boot0
/boot/boot0
boot0
0x55AA
boot0
F1 DOS
F2 FreeBSD
F3 Linux
F4 ??
F5 Drive 1

Default: F2

# fdisk -B -b /boot/boot0 device

device
ad0
ad2
da0
/etc/lilo.conf
other=/dev/hdXY
table=/dev/hdb
loader=/boot/chain.b
label=FreeBSD

X
Y
/dev/hd
/dev/sd
/sbin/lilo -v
/boot/boot1
/boot/boot2
/boot/boot
/boot/boot
/boot/boot
boot1
boot2
boot2
boot2
boot2
>> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT
Default: 0:ad(0,a)/boot/loader
boot:

boot1
boot2
# disklabel -B diskslice

diskslice
ad0s1
ad0
/boot/loader
/boot/loader
/boot/loader.rc
/boot/defaults/loader.conf
/boot/loader.conf
loader.rc
секунды
-параметры
имя ядра
unload
kernel
тема
/boot/loader.help
index
имя файла
тип
имя
файла
маршрут
имя файла
переменная
переменная
значение
boot -s

unload
load kernel.old

kernel.GENERIC
kernel.old
unload
set kernel="kernel.old"
boot-conf

load -t userconfig_script /boot/kernel.conf

set
unset
show
/boot/device.hints
/boot/device.hints
hint.driver.unit.keyword="value"

set hint.driver.unit.keyword=value

driver
unit
keyword
at
port
irq
drq
maddr
flags
disabled
/sbin/init
init_path
загрузчика
boot_single
loader
console
/etc/ttys
insecure
root
/etc/ttys
# name getty               type    status      comments
#
# Если консоль помечена как "insecure", то init будет запрашивать пароль
# пользователя root при переходе в однопользовательский режим.
console none                            unknown off insecure

insecure
root
insecure
secure
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/fstab
/etc/rc.shutdown
TERM
KILL
shutdown -p now
shutdown -r now
root
operator
/home/username
/usr/home/username
root
root
daemon
operator
bind
news
www
nobody
nobody
adduser
passwd
group
.
/usr/share/skel
adduser -s
-config_create
root
adduser
# adduser -v
Use option ``-silent'' if you don't want to see all warnings and questions.
Check /etc/shells
Check /etc/master.passwd
Check /etc/group
Enter your default shell: csh date no sh tcsh zsh [sh]: zsh
Your default shell is: zsh -> /usr/local/bin/zsh
Enter your default HOME partition: [/home]:
Copy dotfiles from: /usr/share/skel no [/usr/share/skel]: 
Send message from file: /etc/adduser.message no 
[/etc/adduser.message]: no
Do not send message
Use passwords (y/n) [y]: y

Write your changes to /etc/adduser.conf? (y/n) [n]: y

Ok, let's go.
Don't worry about mistakes. I will give you the chance later to correct any input.
Enter username [a-z0-9_-]: jru
Enter full name []: J. Random User
Enter shell csh date no sh tcsh zsh [zsh]: 
Enter home directory (full path) [/home/jru]: 
Uid [1001]: 
Enter login class: default []: 
Login group jru [jru]: 
Login group is ``jru''. Invite jru into other groups: guest no 
[no]: wheel
Enter password []: 
Enter password again []: 

Name:     jru
Password: ****
Fullname: J. Random User
Uid:      1001
Gid:      1001 (jru)
Class:    
Groups:   jru wheel
HOME:     /home/jru
Shell:    /usr/local/bin/zsh
OK? (y/n) [y]: y
Added user ``jru''
Copy files from /usr/share/skel to /home/jru
Add another user? (y/n) [y]: n
Goodbye!
#

jru
jru
wheel
root
# adduser
Username: jru
Full name: J. Random User
Uid (Leave empty for default):
Login group [jru]:
Login group is jru. Invite jru into other groups? []: wheel
Login class [default]:
Shell (sh csh tcsh zsh nologin) [sh]: zsh
Home directory [/home/jru]:
Use password-based authentication? [yes]:
Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]:
Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]:
Enter password:
Enter password again:
Lock out the account after creation? [no]:
Username   : jru
Password   : ****
Full Name  : J. Random User
Uid        : 1001
Class      :
Groups     : jru wheel
Home       : /home/jru
Shell      : /usr/local/bin/zsh
Locked     : no
OK? (yes/no): yes
adduser: INFO: Successfully added (jru) to the user database.
Add another user? (yes/no): no
Goodbye!
#

rmuser
/var/mail
/tmp
/etc/group
rmuser
# rmuser jru
Matching password entry:
jru:*:1001:1001::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/zsh
Is this the entry you wish to remove? y
Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? y
Updating password file, updating databases, done.
Updating group file: trusted (removing group jru -- personal group is empty) done.
Removing user's incoming mail file /var/mail/jru: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done.
#

chpass
chpass
#Changing user database information for jru.
Login: jru
Password: *
Uid [#]: 1001
Gid [# or name]: 1001
Change [month day year]:
Expire [month day year]:
Class:
Home directory: /home/jru
Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:

chpass
#Changing user database information for jru.
Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:

yp
passwd
% passwd
Changing local password for jru.
Old password:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done

# passwd jru
Changing local password for jru.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done

pw
/etc/login.conf
default
имя=значение
имя
значение
/etc/login.conf
/etc/login.conf.db
/etc/login.conf.db
/etc/login.conf
# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf

coredumpsize
filesize
cputime
filesize
maxproc
memorylocked
memoryuse
openfiles
sbsize
stacksize
/etc/rc
daemon
/etc/login.conf
openfiles
maxproc
/etc/group
/etc/group
teamtwo
# pw groupadd teamtwo
# pw groupshow teamtwo
teamtwo:*:1100:

1100
teamtwo
teamtwo
jru
teamtwo
# pw groupmod teamtwo -M jru
# pw groupshow teamtwo
teamtwo:*:1100:jru

/etc/group
/etc/passwd
% id jru
uid=1001(jru) gid=1001(jru) groups=1001(jru), 1100(teamtwo)

jru
jru
teamtwo
/etc/group
inetd
schg
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
моноширинный
root
root
root
root
/etc/ttys
insecure
root
telnet
rlogin
root
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin
NO
root
root
root
wheel
/etc/group
su
root
wheel
wheel
staff
wheel
/etc/group
root
wheel
.k5login
root
root
wheel
wheel
root
wheel
root
root
*
/etc/master.passwd
foobar:R9DT/Fa1/LV9U:1000:1000::0:0:Foo Bar:/home/foobar:/usr/local/bin/tcsh

foobar:*:1000:1000::0:0:Foo Bar:/home/foobar:/usr/local/bin/tcsh

*
*
root
root
root
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
root
root
/bin
/sbin
/usr/bin
/usr/sbin
root
root
Xlib
chmod 000
/dev/kmem
kmem
tty
*
*
/etc/spwd.db
root
root
root
bpf
bpf
bpf
/dev/mem
/dev/kmem
bpf
sysctl
chflags
schg
schg
schg
/
/usr
chflags
schg
/
/etc
/usr/local/etc
/
/usr
scp
.rhosts
.shosts
.ssh/authorized_keys
MD5
nodev
nosuid
MaxDaemonChildren
sendmail -bd
sendmail
-q15m
MaxDaemonChildren
root
sysctl
sysctl -a | fgrep portrange
net.inet.icmp.icmplim
sysctl
netstat -rna | fgrep W3
root
from=IP/DOMAIN
authorized_keys
libcrypt.a
libcrypt.a
/etc/master.passwd
$1$
$2a$
$
passwd_format
/etc/login.conf
des
md5
blf
key
keyinit
key
opiekey
keyinit
opiepasswd
key
opiekey
keyinit
opiepasswd
keyinfo
opieinfo
/etc/skeykeys
/etc/opiekeys
keyinit
opiepasswd
keyinit
opiepasswd
key
opiekey
key
opiekey
key
opiekey
keyinit
% keyinit
Adding unfurl:
Reminder - Only use this method if you are directly connected.
If you are using telnet or rlogin exit with no password and use keyinit -s.
Enter secret password:
Again secret password:

ID unfurl s/key is 99 to17757
DEFY CLUB PRO NASH LACE SOFT

opiepasswd
% opiepasswd -c
[grimreaper] ~ $ opiepasswd -f -c
Adding unfurl:
Only use this method from the console; NEVER from remote. If you are using
telnet, xterm, or a dial-in, type ^C now or exit with no password.
Then run opiepasswd without the -c parameter.
Using MD5 to compute responses.
Enter new secret pass phrase:
Again new secret pass phrase:
ID unfurl OTP key is 499 to4268
MOS MALL GOAT ARM AVID COED

key
opiekey
keyinit -s
% keyinit -s
Updating unfurl:
Old key: to17758
Reminder you need the 6 English words from the key command.
Enter sequence count from 1 to 9999: 100
Enter new key [default to17759]:
s/key 100 to 17759
s/key access password:
s/key access password:CURE MIKE BANE HIM RACY GORE

opiepasswd
% opiepasswd

Updating unfurl:
You need the response from an OTP generator.
Old secret pass phrase:
        otp-md5 498 to4268 ext
        Response: GAME GAG WELT OUT DOWN CHAT
New secret pass phrase:
        otp-md5 499 to4269
        Response: LINE PAP MILK NELL BUOY TROY

ID mark OTP key is 499 gr4269
LINE PAP MILK NELL BUOY TROY

% key 100 to17759
Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin.
Enter secret password: <secret password>
CURE MIKE BANE HIM RACY GORE

% opiekey 498 to4268
Using the MD5 algorithm to compute response.
Reminder: Don't use opiekey from telnet or dial-in sessions.
Enter secret pass phrase:
GAME GAG WELT OUT DOWN CHAT

% telnet example.com
Trying 10.0.0.1...
Connected to example.com
Escape character is '^]'.

FreeBSD/i386 (example.com) (ttypa)

login: <username>
s/key 97 fw13894
Password:

% telnet example.com
Trying 10.0.0.1...
Connected to example.com
Escape character is '^]'.

FreeBSD/i386 (example.com) (ttypa)

login: <username>
otp-md5 498 gr4269 ext
Password:

key
opiekey
% key 97 fw13894
Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin.
Enter secret password:
WELD LIP ACTS ENDS ME HAAG

% opiekey 498 to4268
Using the MD5 algorithm to compute response.
Reminder: Don't use opiekey from telnet or dial-in sessions.
Enter secret pass phrase:
GAME GAG WELT OUT DOWN CHAT

login: <username>
s/key 97 fw13894
Password: <return to enable echo>
s/key 97 fw13894
Password [echo on]: WELD LIP ACTS ENDS ME HAAG
Last login: Tue Mar 21 11:56:41 from 10.0.0.2 ...

key
opiekey
% key -n 5 30 zz99999
Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin.
Enter secret password: <secret password>
26: SODA RUDE LEA LIND BUDD SILT
27: JILT SPY DUTY GLOW COWL ROT
28: THEM OW COLA RUNT BONG SCOT
29: COT MASH BARR BRIM NAN FLAG
30: CAN KNEE CAST NAME FOLK BILK

% opiekey -n 5 30 zz99999
Using the MD5 algorithm to compute response.
Reminder: Don't use opiekey from telnet or dial-in sessions.
Enter secret pass phrase: <secret password>
26: JOAN BORE FOSS DES NAY QUIT
27: LATE BIAS SLAY FOLK MUCH TRIG
28: SALT TIN ANTI LOON NEAL USE
29: RIO ODIN GO BYE FURY TIC
30: GREW JIVE SAN GIRD BOIL PHI

lpr
/etc/skey.access
/etc/skey.access
skey.access
skey.access
permit internet 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
permit user fnord
permit port ttyd0

permit internet
permit user
fnord
key
permit port
/etc/opieaccess
opieaccess
permit 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0

opieaccess
inetd
inetd
rc.conf
inetd
/etc/hosts.allow
hosts.deny
/etc/hosts.allow
/etc/hosts.allow
inetd
daemon : address :
action
daemon
inetd
address
mail/qpopper
hosts.allow
# This line is required for POP3 connections:
qpopper : ALL : allow

inetd
/etc/rc.d/inetd
hosts.allow
# The rest of the daemons are protected.
ALL : ALL \
        : severity auth.info \
        : twist /bin/echo "You are not welcome to use %d from %h."

daemon
hostname
# We do not allow connections from example.com:
ALL : .example.com \
        : spawn (/bin/echo %a from %h attempted to access %d >> \
          /var/log/connections.log) \
        : deny

*.example.com
/var/log/connections.log
ALL
ALL
PARANOID
paranoid
# Block possibly spoofed requests to sendmail:
sendmail : PARANOID : deny

sendmail
PARANOID
hosts.allow
krb4
krb5
security/krb5
/etc/kerberosIV
# cd /etc/kerberosIV
# ls
README          krb.conf        krb.realms

principal.*
master_key
kdb_destroy
krb.conf
krb.realms
EXAMPLE.COM
grunt.example.com
krb.conf
# cat krb.conf
EXAMPLE.COM
EXAMPLE.COM grunt.example.com admin server
CS.BERKELEY.EDU okeeffe.berkeley.edu
ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos.mit.edu
ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-1.mit.edu
ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-2.mit.edu
ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-3.mit.edu
LCS.MIT.EDU kerberos.lcs.mit.edu
TELECOM.MIT.EDU bitsy.mit.edu
ARC.NASA.GOV trident.arc.nasa.gov

admin server
grunt.example.com
EXAMPLE.COM
.example.com
EXAMPLE.COM
krb.realms
# cat krb.realms
grunt.example.com EXAMPLE.COM
.example.com EXAMPLE.COM
.berkeley.edu CS.BERKELEY.EDU
.MIT.EDU ATHENA.MIT.EDU
.mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU

kdb_init
# kdb_init
Realm name [default  ATHENA.MIT.EDU ]: EXAMPLE.COM
You will be prompted for the database Master Password.
It is important that you NOT FORGET this password.

Введите главный ключ Kerberos:

kstash
# kstash

Enter Kerberos master key:

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered. BEWARE!

/etc/kerberosIV/master_key
kpasswd
rcmd
# kdb_edit
Opening database...

Enter Kerberos master key:

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered.  BEWARE!
Previous or default values are in [brackets] ,
enter return to leave the same, or new value.

Principal name: passwd
Instance: grunt

<Not found>, Create [y] ? y

Principal: passwd, Instance: grunt, kdc_key_ver: 1
New Password:                    <---- enter RANDOM here
Verifying password

New Password: <---- enter RANDOM here

Random password [y] ? y

Principal's new key version = 1
Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ?
Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ?
Attributes [ 0 ] ?
Edit O.K.
Principal name: rcmd
Instance: grunt

<Not found>, Create [y] ?

Principal: rcmd, Instance: grunt, kdc_key_ver: 1
New Password:       <---- enter RANDOM here
Verifying password

New Password:           <---- enter RANDOM here

Random password [y] ?

Principal's new key version = 1
Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ?
Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ?
Attributes [ 0 ] ?
Edit O.K.
Principal name:         <---- null entry here will cause an exit

ext_srvtab
/etc/kerberosIV
# ext_srvtab grunt
Enter Kerberos master key:

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered. BEWARE!
Generating 'grunt-new-srvtab'....

srvtab
# mv grunt-new-srvtab srvtab

client-new-srvtab
srvtab
/etc/kerberosIV
# mv grumble-new-srvtab srvtab
# chmod 600 srvtab

jane
kdb_edit
# kdb_edit
Opening database...

Enter Kerberos master key:

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered.  BEWARE!
Previous or default values are in [brackets] ,
enter return to leave the same, or new value.

Principal name: jane
Instance:

<Not found>, Create [y] ? y

Principal: jane, Instance: , kdc_key_ver: 1
New Password:                <---- enter a secure password here
Verifying password

New Password:                <---- re-enter the password here
Principal's new key version = 1
Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ?
Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ?
Attributes [ 0 ] ?
Edit O.K.
Principal name:          <---- null entry here will cause an exit

/etc/rc.conf
/etc/kerberosIV
# kerberos &
Kerberos server starting
Sleep forever on error
Log file is /var/log/kerberos.log
Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered. BEWARE!

Current Kerberos master key version is 1
Local realm: EXAMPLE.COM
# kadmind -n &
KADM Server KADM0.0A initializing
Please do not use 'kill -9' to kill this job, use a
regular kill instead

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered.  BEWARE!

jane
kinit
% kinit jane
MIT Project Athena (grunt.example.com)
Kerberos Initialization for "jane"
Password:

klist
% klist
Ticket file:    /tmp/tkt245
Principal:      jane@EXAMPLE.COM

  Issued           Expires          Principal
Apr 30 11:23:22  Apr 30 19:23:22  krbtgt.EXAMPLE.COM@EXAMPLE.COM

% passwd
realm EXAMPLE.COM
Old password for jane:
New Password for jane:
Verifying password
New Password for jane:
Password changed.

su
root
root
root
jane.root
kdb_edit
# kdb_edit
Opening database...

Enter Kerberos master key:

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered.  BEWARE!
Previous or default values are in [brackets] ,
enter return to leave the same, or new value.

Principal name: jane
Instance: root

<Not found>, Create [y] ? y

Principal: jane, Instance: root, kdc_key_ver: 1
New Password:                    <---- enter a SECURE password here
Verifying password

New Password:            <---- re-enter the password here

Principal's new key version = 1
Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ?
Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? 12 <--- Keep this short!
Attributes [ 0 ] ?
Edit O.K.
Principal name:                <---- null entry here will cause an exit

# kinit jane.root
MIT Project Athena (grunt.example.com)
Kerberos Initialization for "jane.root"
Password:

root
.klogin
# cat /root/.klogin
jane.root@EXAMPLE.COM

% su
Password:

# klist
Ticket file:    /tmp/tkt_root_245
Principal:      jane.root@EXAMPLE.COM

  Issued           Expires          Principal
May  2 20:43:12  May  3 04:43:12  krbtgt.EXAMPLE.COM@EXAMPLE.COM

jane
root
<principal>.<instance>
<username>.
root
root
.klogin
root
# cat /root/.klogin
jane.root@EXAMPLE.COM

.klogin
% cat ~/.klogin
jane@EXAMPLE.COM
jack@EXAMPLE.COM

EXAMPLE.COM
jane
jack
kinit
jane
grunt
jane
% kinit
MIT Project Athena (grunt.example.com)
Password:
% rlogin grunt
Last login: Mon May  1 21:14:47 from grumble
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California.   All rights reserved.

FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995

jack
jane
.klogin
jane
% kinit
% rlogin grunt -l jane
MIT Project Athena (grunt.example.com)
Password:
Last login: Mon May  1 21:16:55 from grumble
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California.   All rights reserved.
FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995

security/krb4
security/krb5
security/heimdal
/etc/rc.conf
kerberos5_server_enable="YES"
kadmind5_server_enable="YES"
kerberos_stash="YES"

/etc/krb5.conf
[libdefaults]
    default_realm = EXAMPLE.ORG
[realms]
    EXAMPLE.ORG = {
        kdc = kerberos.example.org
        admin_server = kerberos.example.org
    }
[domain_realm]
    .example.org = EXAMPLE.ORG

/etc/krb5.conf
kerberos.example.org
[libdefaults]
      default_realm = EXAMPLE.ORG

example.org
_kerberos._udp      IN  SRV     01 00 88 kerberos.example.org.
_kerberos._tcp      IN  SRV     01 00 88 kerberos.example.org.
_kpasswd._udp       IN  SRV     01 00 464 kerberos.example.org.
_kerberos-adm._tcp  IN  SRV     01 00 749 kerberos.example.org.
_kerberos           IN  TXT     EXAMPLE.ORG

/etc/krb5.conf
/etc/krb5.conf
/var/heimdal/m-key
kstash
kadmin
-l
kadmin
kadmind
kadmin
init
kadmin
add
modify
?
# kstash
Master key: xxxxxxxx
Verifying password - Master key: xxxxxxxx

# kadmin -l
kadmin> init EXAMPLE.ORG
Realm max ticket life [unlimited]:
kadmin> add tillman
Max ticket life [unlimited]:
Max renewable life [unlimited]:
Attributes []:
Password: xxxxxxxx
Verifying password - Password: xxxxxxxx

/etc/rc.d/kerberos start
/etc/rc.d/kadmind start
% k5init tillman
tillman@EXAMPLE.ORG's Password:

% k5list
Credentials cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_500
        Principal: tillman@EXAMPLE.ORG

  Issued           Expires          Principal
Aug 27 15:37:58  Aug 28 01:37:58  krbtgt/EXAMPLE.ORG@EXAMPLE.ORG

/etc/krb5.conf
/etc/krb5.keytab
keytab
keytab
kadmin
krb5.keytab
kadmin
kadmin
kadmind.acl
info heimdal
kadmin
kadmin -l
/etc/krb5.conf
kadmin
add --random-key
ext
# kadmin
kadmin> add --random-key host/myserver.example.org
Max ticket life [unlimited]:
Max renewable life [unlimited]:
Attributes []:
kadmin> ext host/myserver.example.org
kadmin> exit

ext
/etc/krb5.keytab
kadmind
kadmin
host/myserver.EXAMPLE.ORG
/etc/krb5.keytab
# kadmin
kadmin> ext --keytab=/tmp/example.keytab host/myserver.example.org
kadmin> exit

scp
krb5.conf
krb5.keytab
telnet
/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/rc.d/inetd restart
telnet    stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/libexec/telnetd  telnetd -a user

-a
/etc/krb5.conf
kinit
klist
kdestroy
telnet
telnet
-x
ssh
kinit
klist
kdestroy
kpasswd
k5init
k5list
k5destroy
k5passwd
k5stash
telnet
ftp
rsh
rcp
rlogin
.k5login
.k5users
tillman@EXAMPLE.ORG
tillman
telnet
tillman@EXAMPLE.ORG
webdevelopers
.k5login
.k5users
.hosts
.rhosts
.k5login
tillman@example.org
jdoe@example.org

webdevelopers
ksu
.k5users
PATH
kadmin
host/
www/
www/mod_auth_kerb
/etc/hosts
Kerberos5 refuses authentication because Read req
failed: Key table entry not found
ksu
root
ksu
modify_principal
kadmin
krbtgt
kinit
-l
kinit
kinit
kinit
no
sshd_config
krb5.dict
kadmind
krb5.dict
/usr/share/dict/words
kadmin
kadmin
PATH
/usr/local/
PATH
security/krb5
/usr/local/share/doc/krb5/README.FreeBSD
telnetd
klogind
login.krb5
rsh
telnet
/tmp
-c
KRB5CCNAME
kinit
security/tripwire
www/apache13-ssl
mail/sylpheed-claws
security/openssl
WITH_OPENSSL_BASE
make.conf
MAKE_IDEA
# openssl req -new -nodes -out req.pem -keyout cert.pem
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
................++++++
.......................................++++++
writing new private key to 'cert.pem'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:US
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:PA
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Pittsburgh
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:My Company
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Systems Administrator
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:localhost.example.org
Email Address []:trhodes@FreeBSD.org

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:SOME PASSWORD
An optional company name []:Another Name

req.pem
cert.pem
# openssl dsaparam -rand -genkey -out myRSA.key 1024

# openssl gendsa -des3 -out myca.key myRSA.key

# openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key myca.key -out new.crt

myca.key
new.crt
root
/etc
chmod
.mc
dnl SSL Options
define(`confCACERT_PATH',`/etc/certs')dnl
define(`confCACERT',`/etc/certs/new.crt')dnl
define(`confSERVER_CERT',`/etc/certs/new.crt')dnl
define(`confSERVER_KEY',`/etc/certs/myca.key')dnl
define(`confTLS_SRV_OPTIONS', `V')dnl

/etc/certs/
.cf
make
/etc/mail
make
/var/log/maillog
# telnet example.com 25
Trying 192.0.34.166...
Connected to example.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 example.com ESMTP Sendmail 8.12.10/8.12.10; Tue, 31 Aug 2004 03:41:22 -0400 (EDT)
ehlo example.com
250-example.com Hello example.com [192.0.34.166], pleased to meet you
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-PIPELINING
250-8BITMIME
250-SIZE
250-DSN
250-ETRN
250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN
250-STARTTLS
250-DELIVERBY
250 HELP
quit
221 2.0.0 example.com closing connection
Connection closed by foreign host.

options      FAST_IPSEC  # new IPsec (cannot define w/ IPSEC)

options   IPSEC        #IP security
options   IPSEC_ESP    #IP security (crypto; define w/ IPSEC)

options   IPSEC_DEBUG  #debug for IP security

192.168.1.x
192.168.1.x
192.168.2.x
.1
192.168.1.20
ping 192.168.2.34

A.B.C.D
192.168.1.1
ping 192.168.2.1
W.X.Y.Z
192.168.2.1
192.168.2.1
192.168.x
192.168.2.1
A.B.C.D
W.X.Y.Z
W.X.Y.Z
192.168.2.1
A.B.C.D
W.X.Y.Z
gif
gif
device gif

gifconfig gif0 A.B.C.D W.X.Y.Z
ifconfig gif0 inet 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 netmask 0xffffffff

gifconfig gif0 W.X.Y.Z A.B.C.D
ifconfig gif0 inet 192.168.2.1 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffffff

gifconfig gif0

# gifconfig gif0
gif0: flags=8011<UP,POINTTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1280
inet 192.168.1.1 --> 192.168.2.1 netmask 0xffffffff
physical address inet A.B.C.D --> W.X.Y.Z

A.B.C.D
W.X.Y.Z
192.168.1.1
192.168.2.1
netstat -rn
# netstat -rn
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination      Gateway       Flags    Refs    Use    Netif  Expire
...
192.168.2.1      192.168.1.1   UH        0        0    gif0
...

ipfw add 1 allow ip from any to any via gif0

192.168.1.1
ping 192.168.2.1

route add 192.168.2.0 192.168.2.1 netmask 0xffffff00

192.168.2.0
192.168.2.1
192.168.1.x
tcpdump dst host 192.168.2.1

ping 192.168.2.1

16:10:24.018080 192.168.1.1 > 192.168.2.1: icmp: echo request
16:10:24.018109 192.168.1.1 > 192.168.2.1: icmp: echo reply
16:10:25.018814 192.168.1.1 > 192.168.2.1: icmp: echo request
16:10:25.018847 192.168.1.1 > 192.168.2.1: icmp: echo reply
16:10:26.028896 192.168.1.1 > 192.168.2.1: icmp: echo request
16:10:26.029112 192.168.1.1 > 192.168.2.1: icmp: echo reply

/etc/rc.conf
gifconfig_gif0="A.B.C.D W.X.Y.Z"
ifconfig_gif0="inet 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 netmask 0xffffffff"
static_routes="vpn"
route_vpn="192.168.2.0 192.168.2.1 netmask 0xffffff00"

/etc/rc.firewall
ipfw add 1 allow ip from any to any via gif0

/etc/rc.conf
options IPSEC
options IPSEC_ESP

setkey
setkey
netstat -r
security/ipsec-tools
${PREFIX}/etc/racoon
${PREFIX}/etc/racoon/psk.txt
psk.txt
psk.txt
W.X.Y.Z            secret

A.B.C.D            secret

psk.txt
0600
root
ipfw add 1 allow udp from A.B.C.D to W.X.Y.Z isakmp
ipfw add 1 allow udp from W.X.Y.Z to A.B.C.D isakmp

setkey -D

192.168.x.y
gif
A.B.C.D
W.X.Y.Z
W.X.Y.Z
A.B.C.D
W.X.Y.Z
A.B.C.D
W.X.Y.Z
W.X.Y.Z
A.B.C.D
A.B.C.D
W.X.Y.Z
spdadd A.B.C.D/32 W.X.Y.Z/32 ipencap -P out ipsec esp/tunnel/A.B.C.D-W.X.Y.Z/require;

/etc/ipsec.conf
# setkey -f /etc/ipsec.conf

A.B.C.D/32
W.X.Y.Z/32
A.B.C.D
W.X.Y.Z
spdadd W.X.Y.Z/32 A.B.C.D/32 ipencap -P in ipsec esp/tunnel/W.X.Y.Z-A.B.C.D/require;

W.X.Y.Z
spdadd W.X.Y.Z/32 A.B.C.D/32 ipencap -P out ipsec esp/tunnel/W.X.Y.Z-A.B.C.D/require;
spdadd A.B.C.D/32 W.X.Y.Z/32 ipencap -P in ipsec esp/tunnel/A.B.C.D-W.X.Y.Z/require;

ipfw add 1 allow esp from A.B.C.D to W.X.Y.Z
ipfw add 1 allow esp from W.X.Y.Z to A.B.C.D
ipfw add 1 allow ipencap from A.B.C.D to W.X.Y.Z
ipfw add 1 allow ipencap from W.X.Y.Z to A.B.C.D

gif
A.B.C.D
tcpdump dst host 192.168.2.1

ping 192.168.2.1

XXX tcpdump output

options IPSEC
options IPSEC_ESP

security/ipsec-tools
${PREFIX}/etc/racoon/psk.txt
/etc/rc.conf
ipsec_enable="YES"
ipsec_file="/etc/ipsec.conf"

/etc/ipsec.conf
spdadd A.B.C.D/32 W.X.Y.Z/32 ipencap -P out ipsec
  esp/tunnel/A.B.C.D-W.X.Y.Z/require;
spdadd W.X.Y.Z/32 A.B.C.D/32 ipencap -P in ipsec
  esp/tunnel/W.X.Y.Z-A.B.C.D/require;

spdadd W.X.Y.Z/32 A.B.C.D/32 ipencap -P out ipsec
  esp/tunnel/W.X.Y.Z-A.B.C.D/require;
spdadd A.B.C.D/32 W.X.Y.Z/32 ipencap -P in ipsec
  esp/tunnel/A.B.C.D-W.X.Y.Z/require;

ipfw add 1 allow udp from A.B.C.D to W.X.Y.Z isakmp
ipfw add 1 allow udp from W.X.Y.Z to A.B.C.D isakmp
ipfw add 1 allow esp from A.B.C.D to W.X.Y.Z
ipfw add 1 allow esp from W.X.Y.Z to A.B.C.D
ipfw add 1 allow ipencap from A.B.C.D to W.X.Y.Z
ipfw add 1 allow ipencap from W.X.Y.Z to A.B.C.D

rlogin
rsh
rcp
telnet
rc.conf
sshd_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.d/sshd
/etc/rc.d/sshd start

# ssh user@example.com
Host key not found from the list of known hosts.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Host 'example.com' added to the list of known hosts.
user@example.com's password: *******

rlogin
telnet
yes
~/.ssh/known_hosts
~/.ssh/known_hosts2
# scp user@example.com:/COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT
user@example.com's password: *******
COPYRIGHT            100% |*****************************|  4735       00:00
#

/etc/ssh
ssh_config
sshd_config
/usr/sbin/sshd
rc.conf
% ssh-keygen -t dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user/.ssh/id_dsa):
Created directory '/home/user/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
bb:48:db:f2:93:57:80:b6:aa:bc:f5:d5:ba:8f:79:17 user@host.example.com

~/.ssh/id_dsa
~/.ssh/id_rsa
~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
% ssh-agent csh
% ssh-add
Enter passphrase for /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa:
Identity added: /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa (/home/user/.ssh/id_dsa)
%

~/.xinitrc
~/.xinitrc
exec ssh-agent startxfce4

% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5023:localhost:23 user@foo.example.com
%

ssh
ssh
ssh
ssh
localport:remotehost:remoteport
localhost
5023
localhost
23
localhost
23
% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5025:localhost:25 user@mailserver.example.com
user@mailserver.example.com's password: *****
% telnet localhost 5025
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mailserver.example.com ESMTP

% ssh -2 -N -f -L 2110:mail.example.com:110 user@ssh-server.example.com
user@ssh-server.example.com's password: ******

localhost
mail.example.com
% ssh -2 -N -f -L 8888:music.example.com:8000 user@unfirewalled-system.example.org
user@unfirewalled-system.example.org's password: *******

localhost
music.example.com
AllowUsers
root
192.168.1.32
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
AllowUsers root@192.168.1.32

admin
AllowUsers admin

AllowUsers root@192.168.1.32 admin

/etc/ssh/sshd_config
# /etc/rc.d/sshd reload

options UFS_ACL

GENERIC
/etc/fstab
fstab
+
drwx------  2 robert  robert  512 Dec 27 11:54 private
drwxrwx---+ 2 robert  robert  512 Dec 23 10:57 directory1
drwxrwx---+ 2 robert  robert  512 Dec 22 10:20 directory2
drwxrwx---+ 2 robert  robert  512 Dec 27 11:57 directory3
drwxr-xr-x  2 robert  robert  512 Nov 10 11:54 public_html

directory1
directory2
directory3
public_html
test
% getfacl test
        #file:test
        #owner:1001
        #group:1001
        user::rw-
        group::r--
        other::r--

% setfacl -k test

% setfacl -m u:trhodes:rwx,group:web:r--,o::--- test

stdout
Invalid
argument
security/portaudit
# cd /usr/ports/security/portaudit && make install clean

root
# portaudit -Fda

# portaudit -a

Affected package: cups-base-1.1.22.0_1
Type of problem: cups-base -- HPGL buffer overflow vulnerability.
Reference: <http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/portaudit/40a3bca2-6809-11d9-a9e7-0001020eed82.html>

1 problem(s) in your installed packages found.

You are advised to update or deinstall the affected package(s) immediately.

=============================================================================
FreeBSD-SA-XX:XX.UTIL                                     Security Advisory
                                                          The FreeBSD Project

Topic:          denial of service due to some problem

Category:       core
Module:         sys
Announced:      2003-09-23
Credits:        Person@EMAIL-ADDRESS
Affects:        All releases of FreeBSD
                FreeBSD 4-STABLE prior to the correction date
Corrected:      2003-09-23 16:42:59 UTC (RELENG_4, 4.9-PRERELEASE)
                2003-09-23 20:08:42 UTC (RELENG_5_1, 5.1-RELEASE-p6)
                2003-09-23 20:07:06 UTC (RELENG_5_0, 5.0-RELEASE-p15)
                2003-09-23 16:44:58 UTC (RELENG_4_8, 4.8-RELEASE-p8)
                2003-09-23 16:47:34 UTC (RELENG_4_7, 4.7-RELEASE-p18)
                2003-09-23 16:49:46 UTC (RELENG_4_6, 4.6-RELEASE-p21)
                2003-09-23 16:51:24 UTC (RELENG_4_5, 4.5-RELEASE-p33)
                2003-09-23 16:52:45 UTC (RELENG_4_4, 4.4-RELEASE-p43)
                2003-09-23 16:54:39 UTC (RELENG_4_3, 4.3-RELEASE-p39)
FreeBSD only:   NO

For general information regarding FreeBSD Security Advisories,
including descriptions of the fields above, security branches, and the
following sections, please visit
http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/.

I.   Background

II.  Problem Description

III. Impact(11)

IV.  Workaround(12)

V.   Solution(13)

VI.  Correction details(14)

VII. References(15)

Topic
Category
core
contrib
ports
core
contrib
ports
Module
sys
sys
Announced
Credits
Affects
ident
/var/db/pkg
Corrected
FreeBSD only
Background
Problem Description
Impact
Workaround
Solution
Correction Details
References
# touch /var/account/acct

# accton /var/account/acct

# echo 'accounting_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf

sa
lastcomm
# lastcomm ls trhodes ttyp1

ls
trhodes
options    MAC

biba/low
root
root
root
setfmac
setpmac
# setfmac biba/high test

Permission
denied
# setfmac biba/high test
“Permission denied”
# setpmac biba/low setfmac biba/high test
# getfmac test
test: biba/high

setpmac
getpmac
Operation not permitted
low
equal
high
login.conf
default:\
    :copyright=/etc/COPYRIGHT:\
    :welcome=/etc/motd:\
    :setenv=MAIL=/var/mail/$,BLOCKSIZE=K:\
    :path=~/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:\
    :manpath=/usr/share/man /usr/local/man:\
    :nologin=/usr/sbin/nologin:\
    :cputime=1h30m:\
    :datasize=8M:\
    :vmemoryuse=100M:\
    :stacksize=2M:\
    :memorylocked=4M:\
    :memoryuse=8M:\
    :filesize=8M:\
    :coredumpsize=8M:\
    :openfiles=24:\
    :maxproc=32:\
    :priority=0:\
    :requirehome:\
    :passwordtime=91d:\
    :umask=022:\
    :ignoretime@:\
    :label=partition/13,mls/5,biba/10(5-15),lomac10[2]:

label
login.conf
cap_mkdb
biba
ifconfig
# ifconfig bge0 maclabel biba/equal

biba/equal
biba/high(low-high)
sysctl
sysctl
biba/high
biba/high
biba/low
biba/low
seeotheruids
portacl
partition
# tunefs -l enable /

sysctl
security.mac.enforce_fs
security.mac.enforce_kld
security.mac.enforce_network
security.mac.enforce_pipe
security.mac.enforce_process
security.mac.enforce_socket
security.mac.enforce_system
security.mac.enforce_vm
sysctl
security.mac.<policyname>
# sysctl -da | grep mac

sysctl
/boot/loader.conf
tunefs
mac_seeotheruids.ko
options MAC_SEEOTHERUIDS
mac_seeotheruids_load="YES"
sysctl
security.bsd.see_other_uids
security.bsd.see_other_gids
sysctl
security.mac.seeotheruids.enabled
security.mac.seeotheruids.specificgid_enabled
sysctl
security.mac.seeotheruids.specificgid=XXX
XXX
security.mac.seeotheruids.primarygroup_enabled
security.mac.seeotheruids.specificgid_enabled
root
security.bsd.seeotheruids
mac_bsdextended.ko
options MAC_BSDEXTENDED
mac_bsdextended_load="YES"
# ugidfw list
0 slots, 0 rules

root
# ugidfw add subject not uid root new object not uid root mode n

ls
# ugidfw set 2 subject uid user1 object uid user2 mode n
# ugidfw set 3 subject uid user1 object gid user2 mode n

user1
user2
user1
user2
root
mac_ifoff.ko
options MAC_IFOFF
mac_ifoff_load="YES"
sysctl
security.mac.ifoff.lo_enabled
security.mac.ifoff.bpfrecv_enabled
security.mac.ifoff.other_enabled
security/aide
mac_portacl.ko
MAC_PORTACL
mac_portacl_load="YES"
sysctl
root
sysctl
security.mac.portacl.enabled
security.mac.portacl.port_high
security.mac.portacl.suser_exempt
root
security.mac.portacl.rules
mac_portacl
security.mac.portacl.rules
rule[,rule,...]
idtype:id:protocol:port
uid
gid
tcp
udp
root
net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow
net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh
# sysctl security.mac.portacl.port_high=1023
# sysctl net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow=0 net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh=0

# sysctl security.mac.portacl.suser_exempt=1

root
security.mac.portacl.suser_exempt
# sysctl security.mac.portacl.rules=uid:80:tcp:80

www
www
root
# sysctl security.mac.portacl.rules=uid:1001:tcp:110,uid:1001:tcp:995

login.conf
insecure
insecure
insecure
insecure:\
    :copyright=/etc/COPYRIGHT:\
    :welcome=/etc/motd:\
    :setenv=MAIL=/var/mail/$,BLOCKSIZE=K:\
    :path=~/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:\
    :manpath=/usr/share/man /usr/local/man:\
    :nologin=/usr/sbin/nologin:\
    :cputime=1h30m:\
    :datasize=8M:\
    :vmemoryuse=100M:\
    :stacksize=2M:\
    :memorylocked=4M:\
    :memoryuse=8M:\
    :filesize=8M:\
    :coredumpsize=8M:\
    :openfiles=24:\
    :maxproc=32:\
    :priority=0:\
    :requirehome:\
    :passwordtime=91d:\
    :umask=022:\
    :ignoretime@:\
    :label=partition/13,mls/5,biba/low:

root
root
setpmac
mount
mac_partition.ko
options MAC_PARTITION
mac_partition_load="YES"
sysctl
security.mac.partition.enabled
insecure
top
setpmac
# setpmac partition/13 top

top
insecure
insecure
partition/13
# ps Zax

# ps -ZU trhodes

root
/etc/rc.conf
mac_mls.ko
options MAC_MLS
mac_mls_load="YES"
mls/low
mls/equal
mls/high
mls/low
mls/low
mls/equal
mls/high
sysctl
security.mac.mls.enabled
security.mac.mls.ptys_equal
mls/equal
security.mac.mls.revocation_enabled
security.mac.mls.max_compartments
# setfmac mls/5 test

test
# getfmac test

/etc
setfmac
mls/high
mls/low
mls/equal
insecure
mls/low
mac_biba.ko
options MAC_BIBA
mac_biba_load="YES"
biba/low
biba/equal
biba/high
biba/low
biba/equal
biba/high
sysctl
security.mac.biba.enabled
security.mac.biba.ptys_equal
security.mac.biba.revocation_enabled
setfmac
getfmac
# setfmac biba/low test
# getfmac test
test: biba/low

mac_lomac.ko
options MAC_LOMAC
mac_lomac_load="YES"
[auxgrade]
lomac/10[2]
[auxgrade]
setfmac
setpmac
# setfmac /usr/home/trhodes lomac/high[low]
# getfmac /usr/home/trhodes lomac/high[low]

low
multilabel
/etc/login.conf
insecure:\
:copyright=/etc/COPYRIGHT:\
:welcome=/etc/motd:\
:setenv=MAIL=/var/mail/$,BLOCKSIZE=K:\
:path=~/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin
:manpath=/usr/share/man /usr/local/man:\
:nologin=/usr/sbin/nologin:\
:cputime=1h30m:\
:datasize=8M:\
:vmemoryuse=100M:\
:stacksize=2M:\
:memorylocked=4M:\
:memoryuse=8M:\
:filesize=8M:\
:coredumpsize=8M:\
:openfiles=24:\
:maxproc=32:\
:priority=0:\
:requirehome:\
:passwordtime=91d:\
:umask=022:\
:ignoretime@:\
:label=partition/13,mls/5:

:label=mls/equal,biba/equal,partition/equal:

# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf

/boot/loader.conf
mac_biba_load="YES"
mac_mls_load="YES"
mac_seeotheruids_load="YES"
mac_partition_load="YES"

root
sh
# for x in `awk -F: '($3 >= 1001) && ($3 != 65534) { print $1 }' \
    /etc/passwd`; do pw usermod $x -L insecure; done;

cap_mkdb
/etc/master.passwd
/etc/policy.contexts
# This is the default BIBA/MLS policy for this system.

.*                              biba/high,mls/high
/sbin/dhclient                  biba/high(low),mls/high(low)
/dev(/.*)?                      biba/equal,mls/equal
# This is not an exhaustive list of all "privileged" devices.
/dev/mdctl                      biba/high,mls/high
/dev/pci                        biba/high,mls/high
/dev/k?mem                      biba/high,mls/high
/dev/io                         biba/high,mls/high
/dev/agp.*                      biba/high,mls/high
(/var)?/tmp(/.*)?               biba/equal,mls/equal
/tmp/\.X11-unix                 biba/high(equal),mls/high(equal)
/tmp/\.X11-unix/.*              biba/equal,mls/equal
/proc(/.*)?                     biba/equal,mls/equal
/mnt.*                          biba/low,mls/low
(/usr)?/home                    biba/high(low),mls/high(low)
(/usr)?/home/.*                 biba/low,mls/low
/var/mail(/.*)?                 biba/low,mls/low
/var/spool/mqueue(/.*)?         biba/low,mls/low
(/mnt)?/cdrom(/.*)?             biba/high,mls/high
(/usr)?/home/(ftp|samba)(/.*)?  biba/high,mls/high
/var/log/sendmail\.st           biba/low,mls/low
/var/run/utmp                   biba/equal,mls/equal
/var/log/(lastlog|wtmp)         biba/equal,mls/equal

# setfsmac -ef /etc/policy.contexts /
# setfsmac -ef /etc/policy.contexts /usr

/etc/mac.conf
default_labels file ?biba,?mls
default_labels ifnet ?biba,?mls
default_labels process ?biba,?mls,?partition
default_labels socket ?biba,?mls

adduser
insecure
root
% getpmac
biba/15(15-15),mls/15(15-15),partition/15
# setpmac partition/15,mls/equal top

% ps Zax
biba/15(15-15),mls/15(15-15),partition/15  1096 #C:  S      0:00.03 -su (bash)
biba/15(15-15),mls/15(15-15),partition/15  1101 #C:  R+     0:00.01 ps Zax

seeotheruids
# sysctl security.mac.seeotheruids.enabled=0
% ps Zax
LABEL                                                   PID  TT  STAT      TIME COMMAND
  biba/equal(low-high),mls/equal(low-high),partition/15  1122 #C:  S+     0:00.02 top
  biba/15(15-15),mls/15(15-15),partition/15              1096 #C:  S      0:00.05 -su (bash)
  biba/15(15-15),mls/15(15-15),partition/15              1123 #C:  R+     0:00.01 ps Zax

# setpmac partition/15,mls/equal,biba/high\(high-high\) top
% ps Zax
LABEL                                                   PID  TT  STAT    TIME   COMMAND
  biba/high(high-high),mls/equal(low-high),partition/15   1251 #C:  S+     0:00.02 top
  biba/15(15-15),mls/15(15-15),partition/15               1096 #C:  S      0:00.06 -su (bash)
  biba/15(15-15),mls/15(15-15),partition/15               1157 #C:  R+     0:00.00 ps Zax

# setpmac partition/15,mls/equal,biba/low top
% ps Zax
LABEL                                       PID  TT  STAT      TIME COMMAND
  biba/15(15-15),mls/15(15-15),partition/15  1096 #C:  S      0:00.07 -su (bash)
  biba/15(15-15),mls/15(15-15),partition/15  1226 #C:  R+     0:00.01 ps Zax

% ifconfig bge0 | grep maclabel
maclabel biba/low(low-low),mls/low(low-low)
% ping -c 1 192.0.34.166
PING 192.0.34.166 (192.0.34.166): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Permission denied

example.com
# sysctl security.mac.biba.trust_all_interfaces=1

# ifconfig bge0 maclabel biba/equal\(low-high\),mls/equal\(low-high\)
% ping -c 1 192.0.34.166
PING 192.0.34.166 (192.0.34.166): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.0.34.166: icmp_seq=0 ttl=50 time=204.455 ms
--- 192.0.34.166 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 204.455/204.455/204.455/0.000 ms

ping
# touch test1 test2 test3 test4 test5
# getfmac test1
test1: biba/equal,mls/equal
# setfmac biba/low test1 test2; setfmac biba/high test4 test5; \
  setfmac mls/low test1 test3; setfmac mls/high test2 test4
# setfmac mls/equal,biba/equal test3 && getfmac test?
test1: biba/low,mls/low
test2: biba/low,mls/high
test3: biba/equal,mls/equal
test4: biba/high,mls/high
test5: biba/high,mls/equal
# chown testuser:testuser test?

testuser
% ls
test1   test2   test3   test4   test5
% ls test?
ls: test1: Permission denied
ls: test2: Permission denied
ls: test4: Permission denied
test3   test5

(biba/low,mls/low)
(biba/low,mls/high)
(biba/high,mls/high)
% for i in `echo test*`; do echo 1 > $i; done
-su: test1: Permission denied
-su: test4: Permission denied
-su: test5: Permission denied

(biba/low,mls/high)
(biba/equal,mls/equal)
% cat test?
cat: test1: Permission denied
cat: test2: Permission denied
1
cat: test4: Permission denied

root
# cat test2
1

biba/high
# mkdir /usr/home/cvs

cvs
# cvs -d /usr/home/cvs init

biba
mac_biba_enable="YES"
/boot/loader.conf
biba/high
login.conf
:ignoretime@:\
    :umask=022:\
    :label=biba/high:

# for x in `awk -F: '($3 >= 1001) && ($3 != 65534) { print $1 }' \
    /etc/passwd`; do pw usermod $x -L default; done;

biba/low
web
biba/high
biba/high
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin; export PATH;
CVSROOT=/home/repo; export CVSROOT;
cd /home/web;
cvs -qR checkout -P htdocs;
exit;

cvs
web
# Выполнять checkout web данных под меткой biba/low каждые 12 часов:
0       */12       *       *       *       web    /home/web/checkout.sh

biba/low
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache.sh
command="setpmac biba/low /usr/local/sbin/httpd"

biba/low
biba/low
access denied
docroot
/home/web/htdocs
Scoreboardfile
DocumentRoot
biba
biba/low
/
/
/etc/fstab
tunefs
/
mount
/
/etc/fstab
mount
partition
insecure
partition
default
cap_mkdb
/dev
.login_conf
root
_secure_path: unable
to state .login_conf
joe
root
joe
root
su
joe
root
root
root
whoami
su
who are you?
login.conf
cap_mkdb
lo
auditd
installworld
/etc/security
audit_event
options    AUDIT

auditd_enable="YES"

/etc/security
audit_class
audit_control
audit_event
audit_user
audit_control
audit_warn
all
administrative
application
file_close
exec
file_attr_acc
file_creation
file_deletion
file_attr_mod
file_read
file_write
ioctl
ipc
login_logout
non_attrib
no_class
network
other
process
[пустой префикс]
+
-
^-
^+
^
audit_control
audit_user
audit_control
audit_control
dir:/var/audit
flags:lo
minfree:20
naflags:lo

dir:/var/audit
flags:lo,ad,-all,^-fa,^-fc,^-cl
minfree:20
naflags:lo

/var/audit
/var
audit_user
audit_user
audit_user
root:lo:no
audit:fc:no

login
logout
root
audit
praudit
auditreduce
praudit
# praudit /var/audit/AUDITFILE

AUDITFILE
trhodes
# auditreduce -e trhodes /var/audit/AUDITFILE | praudit

AUDITFILE
trhodes
praudit
auditd
audit
auditd
# audit -n

auditd
/etc/crontab
*     */12       *       *       *       root    /usr/sbin/audit -n

/etc/crontab
root
audit
audit
/var/audit
# chown -R :audid /var/audit 
# chmod -R g+r /var/audit

ad
acd
da
cd
mcd
scd
matcd
fd
sa
ast
fla
aacd
mlxd
mlyd
amrd
idad
twed
root
/var/run/dmesg.boot
da1
/1
wd1
ad1
fdisk
/dev/da1s1e
e
/dev/da1e
sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
root
su
sysinstall
Configure
FreeBSD Configuration
Menu
Fdisk
YES
None
Label
Disk Label
Editor
a-h
a
/
a
b
c
e
FS
/mnt
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
fdisk
эксклюзивный
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da1 bs=1k count=1
# fdisk -BI da1 # Инициализируем новый диск.
# disklabel -B -w -r da1s1 auto # Размечаем его.
# disklabel -e da1s1 # Редактируем только что созданную метку диска и добавляем разделы.
# mkdir -p /1
# newfs /dev/da1s1e # Повторяем этот шаг для всех созданных разделов.
# mount /dev/da1s1e /1 # Монтируем раздел(ы)
# vi /etc/fstab # Добавляем соответствующую запись/записи в файл /etc/fstab.

ad
da
wd
эксклюзивного
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da1 bs=1k count=1
# disklabel -Brw da1 auto
# disklabel -e da1                           # create the `e' partition
# newfs -d0 /dev/da1e
# mkdir -p /1
# vi /etc/fstab                              # add an entry for /dev/da1e
# mount /1

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da1 count=2
# disklabel /dev/da1 | disklabel -BrR da1 /dev/stdin
# newfs /dev/da1e
# mkdir -p /1
# vi /etc/fstab                              # add an entry for /dev/da1e
# mount /1

ad0: 19574MB <WDC WD205BA> [39770/16/63] at ata0-master UDMA33
ad1: 29333MB <WDC WD307AA> [59598/16/63] at ata0-slave UDMA33
ad2: 29333MB <WDC WD307AA> [59598/16/63] at ata1-master UDMA33
ad3: 29333MB <WDC WD307AA> [59598/16/63] at ata1-slave UDMA33

pseudo-device   ccd     4

device   ccd

disklabel -r -w ad1 auto
disklabel -r -w ad2 auto
disklabel -r -w ad3 auto

ad1c
ad2c
ad3c
disklabel -e ad1
disklabel -e ad2
disklabel -e ad3

EDITOR
8 partitions:
#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
  c: 60074784        0    unused        0     0     0   # (Cyl.    0 - 59597)

e
c
8 partitions:
#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
  c: 60074784        0    unused        0     0     0   # (Cyl.    0 - 59597)
  e: 60074784        0    4.2BSD        0     0     0   # (Cyl.    0 - 59597)

ccd0c
cd /dev
sh MAKEDEV ccd0

/dev
MAKEDEV
ccdconfig ccd0 32 0 /dev/ad1e /dev/ad2e /dev/ad3e

/dev/ccd0c
/dev/
newfs /dev/ccd0c

/etc/ccd.conf
ccdconfig -g > /etc/ccd.conf

/etc/rc
ccdconfig -C
/etc/ccd.conf
ccdconfig -C

/etc/fstab
/dev/ccd0c              /media       ufs     rw      2       2

/var/log/messages
ad6 on monster1 suffered a hard error.
ad6: READ command timeout tag=0 serv=0 - resetting
ad6: trying fallback to PIO mode
ata3: resetting devices .. done
ad6: hard error reading fsbn 1116119 of 0-7 (ad6 bn 1116119; cn 1107 tn 4 sn 11)\\
status=59 error=40
ar0: WARNING - mirror lost

# atacontrol list
ATA channel 0:
        Master:      no device present
        Slave:       acd0 <HL-DT-ST CD-ROM GCR-8520B/1.00> ATA/ATAPI rev 0

ATA channel 1:
        Master:      no device present
        Slave:       no device present

ATA channel 2:
        Master:      ad4 <MAXTOR 6L080J4/A93.0500> ATA/ATAPI rev 5
        Slave:       no device present

ATA channel 3:
        Master:      ad6 <MAXTOR 6L080J4/A93.0500> ATA/ATAPI rev 5
        Slave:       no device present

# atacontrol status ar0
ar0: ATA RAID1 subdisks: ad4 ad6 status: DEGRADED

# atacontrol detach ata3

# atacontrol attach ata3
Master:  ad6 <MAXTOR 6L080J4/A93.0500> ATA/ATAPI rev 5
Slave:   no device present

# atacontrol addspare ar0 ad6

# atacontrol rebuild ar0

# dmesg | tail -10
[выдача удалена]
ad6: removed from configuration
ad6: deleted from ar0 disk1
ad6: inserted into ar0 disk1 as spare

# atacontrol status ar0
ar0: ATA RAID1 subdisks: ad4 ad6 status: REBUILDING 0% completed

GENERIC
device scbus
device da
device pass
device uhci
device ohci
device usb
device umass

device uhci
device ohci
device cd

device ehci

usbd_enable="YES"
/etc/rc.conf
umass0: USB Solid state disk, rev 1.10/1.00, addr 2
GEOM: create disk da0 dp=0xc2d74850
da0 at umass-sim0 bus 0 target 0 lun 0
da0: <Generic Traveling Disk 1.11> Removable Direct Access SCSI-2 device
da0: 1.000MB/s transfers
da0: 126MB (258048 512 byte sectors: 64H 32S/T 126C)

da0
camcontrol
# camcontrol devlist
<Generic Traveling Disk 1.11>      at scbus0 target 0 lun 0 (da0,pass0)

umass0: at uhub0 port 1 (addr 2) disconnected
(da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): lost device
(da0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): removing device entry
GEOM: destroy disk da0 dp=0xc2d74850
umass0: detached

sysutils/cdrtools
burncd
cdrecord
sysutils/cdrtools
burncd
cdrecord
sysutils/xcdroast
sysutils/k3b
sysutils/cdrtools
# mkisofs -o imagefile.iso /path/to/tree

imagefile.iso
/path/to/tree
/tmp/myboot
/tmp/myboot/boot/cdboot
/tmp/bootable.iso
# mkisofs -R -no-emul-boot -b boot/cdboot -o /tmp/bootable.iso /tmp/myboot

vn
md
# vnconfig -e vn0c /tmp/bootable.iso
# mount -t cd9660 /dev/vn0c /mnt

# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /tmp/bootable.iso -u 0
# mount -t cd9660 /dev/md0 /mnt

/mnt
/tmp/myboot
burncd
burncd
/usr/sbin/burncd
# burncd -f cddevice data imagefile.iso fixate

imagefile.iso
cddevice
/dev/acd0
/dev/acd0c
cdrecord
cdrecord
sysutils/cdrtools
cdrecord
burncd
# cdrecord dev=device imagefile.iso

cdrecord
cdrecord
# cdrecord -scanbus
Cdrecord 1.9 (i386-unknown-freebsd4.2) Copyright (C) 1995-2000 Jörg Schilling
Using libscg version 'schily-0.1'
scsibus0:
    0,0,0     0) 'SEAGATE ' 'ST39236LW       ' '0004' Disk
    0,1,0     1) 'SEAGATE ' 'ST39173W        ' '5958' Disk
    0,2,0     2) *
    0,3,0     3) 'iomega  ' 'jaz 1GB         ' 'J.86' Removable Disk
    0,4,0     4) 'NEC     ' 'CD-ROM DRIVE:466' '1.26' Removable CD-ROM
    0,5,0     5) *
    0,6,0     6) *
    0,7,0     7) *
scsibus1:
    1,0,0   100) *
    1,1,0   101) *
    1,2,0   102) *
    1,3,0   103) *
    1,4,0   104) *
    1,5,0   105) 'YAMAHA  ' 'CRW4260         ' '1.0q' Removable CD-ROM
    1,6,0   106) 'ARTEC   ' 'AM12S           ' '1.06' Scanner
    1,7,0   107) *

cdda2wav
% cdda2wav -v255 -D2,0 -B -Owav

cdrecord
.wav
% cdrecord -v dev=2,0 -dao -useinfo  *.wav

2,0
/dev/acddtnn
d
nn
/dev/acd0t01
/dev/acd0t02
/dev/acd0t03
/dev
# dd if=/dev/acd0 of=/dev/null count=1

MAKEDEV
# cd /dev
# sh MAKEDEV acd0t99

# dd if=/dev/acd0t01 of=track1.cdr bs=2352
# dd if=/dev/acd0t02 of=track2.cdr bs=2352
...

burncd
burncd
# burncd -f /dev/acd0 audio track1.cdr track2.cdr ... fixate

acd0
c
# dd if=/dev/acd0 of=file.iso bs=2048

ufs
# mount /dev/cd0 /mnt

Incorrect super block
UFS
ISO9660
/dev/cd0
/mnt
# mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt

/dev/cd0
# mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt

sysutils/cd9660_unicode
Device not
configured
options SCSI_DELAY=15000

# burncd -f /dev/acd1 -s 12 data archive.tar.gz fixate

# tar xzvf /dev/acd1

sysutils/cdrdao
device atapicam

device ata
device scbus
device cd
device pass

acd0: CD-RW <MATSHITA CD-RW/DVD-ROM UJDA740> at ata1-master PIO4
cd0 at ata1 bus 0 target 0 lun 0
cd0: <MATSHITA CDRW/DVD UJDA740 1.00> Removable CD-ROM SCSI-0 device
cd0: 16.000MB/s transfers
cd0: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present - tray closed

/dev/cd0
/mnt
# mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt

root
# camcontrol devlist
<MATSHITA CDRW/DVD UJDA740 1.00>   at scbus1 target 0 lun 0 (pass0,cd0)

1,0,0
sysutils/dvd+rw-tools
/boot/loader.conf
hw.ata.atapi_dma="1"

sysutils/k3b
/path/to/data
# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data

/dev/cd0
imagefile.iso
# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso

multimedia/dvdauthor
/path/to/video
# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -dvd-video /path/to/video

dvd+rw-format
# dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0

# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/newdata

# growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata

# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=/dev/zero

# dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0

# growisofs -use-the-force-luke=dao -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso

# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data

# dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0

# dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0

# growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata

dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/cd0
dvd+rw-mediainfo
/dev
/dev/fdN
N
/dev/fdNX
X
/dev/fdN
/dev/fdN.size
size
/dev
# cd /dev && ./MAKEDEV "fd*"

/dev
MAKEDEV
/dev/fdN.size
# /usr/sbin/fdformat /dev/fd0.1440

/dev/fdN
# /usr/sbin/fdformat -f 1440 /dev/fd0

/etc/disktab
# /sbin/disklabel -B -r -w /dev/fd0 fd1440

# /sbin/newfs_msdos /dev/fd0

emulators/mtools
sa0(ncr1:4:0): NOT READY asc:4,1
sa0(ncr1:4:0):  Logical unit is in process of becoming ready

mt fsf 1
dump
dump
DUMP: End
of tape detected
HARDWARE FAILURE info:280 asc:80,96
mt rewind
root
# tar Mcvf /dev/fd0 *

Prepare volume #2 for /dev/fd0 and hit return:

# tar Mxvf /dev/fd0

# tar Mxvf /dev/fd0 filename

dump
restore
dump
dump
dump
/home
/usr
dump
rdump
rrestore
.rhosts
rdump
rrestore
rdump
komodo
# /sbin/rdump 0dsbfu 54000 13000 126 komodo:/dev/nsa8 /dev/da0a 2>&1

.rhosts
dump
restore
ssh
dump
# /sbin/dump -0uan -f - /usr | gzip -2 | ssh -c blowfish \
targetuser@targetmachine.example.com dd of=/mybigfiles/dump-usr-l0.gz

dump
RSH
dump
RSH
# RSH=/usr/bin/ssh /sbin/dump -0uan -f targetuser@targetmachine.example.com:/dev/sa0 /usr

tar
tar
cpio
tar
bsdtar
gtar
rdump
komodo
# /usr/bin/gtar cf komodo:/dev/nsa8 . 2>&1

bsdtar
rsh
# tar cf - . | rsh hostname dd of=tape-device obs=20b

rsh
ssh
cpio
cpio
cpio
cpio
stdin
cpio
rsh
# for f in directory_list; do
find $f >> backup.list
done
# cpio -v -o --format=newc < backup.list | ssh user@host "cat > backup_device"

user
host
backup_device
/dev/nsa0
pax
tar
cpio
tar
cpio
pax
cpio
tar
cpio
tar
/usr/obj
dump
disklabel da0 | lpr
/etc/fstab
boot.flp
fixit.flp
fdisk
disklabel
newfs
mount
dump
restore
boot.flp
fixit.flp
tar xvf /dev/sa0
tar cvf /dev/sa0
#!/bin/sh
#
# create a restore floppy
#
# format the floppy
#
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

fdformat -q fd0
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
     echo "Bad floppy, please use a new one"
     exit 1
fi

# place boot blocks on the floppy
#
disklabel -w -B /dev/fd0c fd1440

#
# newfs the one and only partition
#
newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -c 40 -i 5120 -m 5 -o space /dev/fd0a

#
# mount the new floppy
#
mount /dev/fd0a /mnt

#
# create required directories
#
mkdir /mnt/dev
mkdir /mnt/bin
mkdir /mnt/sbin
mkdir /mnt/etc
mkdir /mnt/root
mkdir /mnt/mnt          # for the root partition
mkdir /mnt/tmp
mkdir /mnt/var

#
# populate the directories
#
if [ ! -x /sys/compile/MINI/kernel ]
then
     cat &lt;&lt; EOM
The MINI kernel does not exist, please create one.
Here is an example config file:
#
# MINI -- A kernel to get FreeBSD onto a disk.
#
machine     "i386"
cpu     "I486_CPU"
ident       MINI
maxusers    5

options     INET            # needed for _tcp _icmpstat _ipstat
                    #            _udpstat _tcpstat _udb
options     FFS         #Berkeley Fast File System
options     FAT_CURSOR      #block cursor in syscons or pccons
options     SCSI_DELAY=15       #Be pessimistic about Joe SCSI device
options     NCONS=2         #1 virtual consoles
options     USERCONFIG      #Allow user configuration with -c XXX

config      kernel  root on da0 swap on da0 and da1 dumps on da0

device      isa0
device      pci0

device      fdc0    at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr
device      fd0 at fdc0 drive 0

device      ncr0

device      scbus0

device      sc0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" tty irq 1 vector scintr
device      npx0    at isa? port "IO_NPX" irq 13 vector npxintr

device      da0
device      da1
device      da2

device      sa0

pseudo-device   loop        # required by INET
pseudo-device   gzip        # Exec gzipped a.out's
EOM
     exit 1
fi

cp -f /sys/compile/MINI/kernel /mnt

gzip -c -best /sbin/init &gt; /mnt/sbin/init
gzip -c -best /sbin/fsck &gt; /mnt/sbin/fsck
gzip -c -best /sbin/mount &gt; /mnt/sbin/mount
gzip -c -best /sbin/halt &gt; /mnt/sbin/halt
gzip -c -best /sbin/restore &gt; /mnt/sbin/restore

gzip -c -best /bin/sh &gt; /mnt/bin/sh
gzip -c -best /bin/sync &gt; /mnt/bin/sync

cp /root/.profile /mnt/root

cp -f /dev/MAKEDEV /mnt/dev
chmod 755 /mnt/dev/MAKEDEV

chmod 500 /mnt/sbin/init
chmod 555 /mnt/sbin/fsck /mnt/sbin/mount /mnt/sbin/halt
chmod 555 /mnt/bin/sh /mnt/bin/sync
chmod 6555 /mnt/sbin/restore

#
# create the devices nodes
#
cd /mnt/dev
./MAKEDEV std
./MAKEDEV da0
./MAKEDEV da1
./MAKEDEV da2
./MAKEDEV sa0
./MAKEDEV pty0
cd /

#
# create minimum filesystem table
#
cat &gt; /mnt/etc/fstab <<EOM
/dev/fd0a    /    ufs    rw  1  1
EOM

#
# create minimum passwd file
#
cat &gt; /mnt/etc/passwd &lt;&lt;EOM
root:*:0:0:Charlie &:/root:/bin/sh
EOM

cat &gt; /mnt/etc/master.passwd &lt;&lt;EOM
root::0:0::0:0:Charlie &:/root:/bin/sh
EOM

chmod 600 /mnt/etc/master.passwd
chmod 644 /mnt/etc/passwd
/usr/sbin/pwd_mkdb -d/mnt/etc /mnt/etc/master.passwd

#
# umount the floppy and inform the user
#
/sbin/umount /mnt
echo "The floppy has been unmounted and is now ready."

-s
boot.flp
fixit.flp
boot.flp
Fixit--Repair
mode with CDROM or floppy
fixit.flp
restore
/mnt2/rescue
/mnt2/stand
mount
mount /dev/da0a /mnt
disklabel
newfs
mount -u -o rw /mnt
restore vrf /dev/sa0
umount /mnt
pseudo-device vn

# vnconfig vn0 diskimage
# mount /dev/vn0c /mnt

vnconfig
# dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
# vnconfig -s labels -c vn0 newimage
# disklabel -r -w vn0 auto
# newfs vn0c
Warning: 2048 sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated
/dev/vn0c:  10240 sectors in 3 cylinders of 1 tracks, 4096 sectors
    5.0MB in 1 cyl groups (16 c/g, 32.00MB/g, 1280 i/g)
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
 32
# mount /dev/vn0c /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem  1K-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/vn0c    4927        1     4532     0%    /mnt

device md

mdconfig
# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f diskimage -u 0
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt

mdconfig
# dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f newimage -u 0
# disklabel -r -w md0 auto
# newfs md0c
/dev/md0c: 5.0MB (10240 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048
    using 4 cylinder groups of 1.27MB, 81 blks, 256 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
 32, 2624, 5216, 7808
# mount /dev/md0c /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem  1K-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md0c        4846        2     4458     0%    /mnt

md4
mdmfs
# dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
# mdmfs -F newimage -s 5m md0 /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md0        4846    2  4458     0%    /mnt

# dd if=newimage of=/dev/md0
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
# mount /dev/md0c /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem  1K-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md0c    4927        1     4532     0%    /mnt

mdconfig
# mdconfig -a -t malloc -s 5m -u 1
# newfs -U md1
/dev/md1: 5.0MB (10240 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048
    using 4 cylinder groups of 1.27MB, 81 blks, 256 inodes.
    with soft updates
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
 32, 2624, 5216, 7808
# mount /dev/md1 /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md1        4846    2  4458     0%    /mnt

mdmfs
# mdmfs -M -s 5m md2 /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md2        4846    2  4458     0%    /mnt

/dev/md4
# mdconfig -d -u 4

mdconfig -l
/dev/vn4
# vnconfig -u vn4

/var
/var/snapshot/snap
# mount -u -o snapshot /var/snapshot/snap /var

# mksnap_ffs /var /var/snapshot/snap

/var
# find /var -flags snapshot

/var/snapshot/snap
# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /var/snapshot/snap -u 4
# mount -r /dev/md4 /mnt

/var
/mnt
# umount /mnt
# mdconfig -d -u 4

options QUOTA

GENERIC
/etc/rc.conf
enable_quotas="YES"

/etc/rc.conf
check_quotas="NO"

/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
/dev/da1s2g   /home    ufs rw,userquota 1 2

/dev/da1s2g    /home   ufs rw,userquota,groupquota 1 2

quota.user
quota.group
/etc/rc
/etc/fstab
# quota -v

EDITOR
EDITOR
# edquota -u test

Quotas for user test:
/usr: kbytes in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
    inodes in use: 7, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)
/usr/var: kbytes in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
    inodes in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)

/usr: kbytes in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)

/usr: kbytes in use: 65, limits (soft = 500, hard = 600)

edquota -p protouser startuid-enduid
test
# edquota -p test 10000-19999

quota -v
Disk quotas for user test (uid 1002):
     Filesystem  usage    quota   limit   grace   files   quota   limit   grace
       /usr      65*     50      75   5days       7      50      60
       /usr/var       0      50      75           0      50      60

/usr
*
/usr/var
rpc.rquotad
/etc/inetd.conf
rquotad/1      dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/libexec/rpc.rquotad rpc.rquotad

inetd
# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`

geli
gbde
geli
root
% su -
        Password:

# uname -r
        5.0-RELEASE

options GEOM_BDE
/private
/home
/var/mail
/dev/ad4s1c
/dev/ad0s1*
# ls /dev/ad*
        /dev/ad0        /dev/ad0s1b     /dev/ad0s1e     /dev/ad4s1
        /dev/ad0s1      /dev/ad0s1c     /dev/ad0s1f     /dev/ad4s1c
        /dev/ad0s1a     /dev/ad0s1d     /dev/ad4

# mkdir /etc/gbde

# gbde init /dev/ad4s1c -i -L /etc/gbde/ad4s1c

$FreeBSD: src/sbin/gbde/template.txt,v 1.1 2002/10/20 11:16:13 phk Exp $
        #
        # Sector size is the smallest unit of data which can be read or written.
        # Making it too small decreases performance and decreases available space.
        # Making it too large may prevent filesystems from working.  512 is the
        # minimum and always safe.  For UFS, use the fragment size
        #
        sector_size     =       2048
        [...]

gbde init
/etc/gbde/ad4s1c
# gbde attach /dev/ad4s1c -l /etc/gbde/ad4s1c

/dev
/dev/device_name.bde
# ls /dev/ad*
        /dev/ad0        /dev/ad0s1b     /dev/ad0s1e     /dev/ad4s1
        /dev/ad0s1      /dev/ad0s1c     /dev/ad0s1f     /dev/ad4s1c
        /dev/ad0s1a     /dev/ad0s1d     /dev/ad4        /dev/ad4s1c.bde

# newfs -U -O2 /dev/ad4s1c.bde

*.bde
# mkdir /private

# mount /dev/ad4s1c.bde /private

% df -H
        Filesystem        Size   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
        /dev/ad0s1a      1037M    72M   883M     8%
        /devfs            1.0K   1.0K     0B   100%    /dev
        /dev/ad0s1f       8.1G    55K   7.5G     0%    /home
        /dev/ad0s1e      1037M   1.1M   953M     0%    /tmp
        /dev/ad0s1d       6.1G   1.9G   3.7G    35%    /usr
        /dev/ad4s1c.bde   150G   4.1K   138G     0%    /private

root
# gbde attach /dev/ad4s1c -l /etc/gbde/ad4s1c

/etc/fstab
# fsck -p -t ffs /dev/ad4s1c.bde

# mount /dev/ad4s1c.bde /private

rc.d
gbde_autoattach_all="YES"
gbde_devices="ad4s1c"

*.bde
# gbde detach /dev/ad4s1c

geli
geli
Geli
gbde
geli
geli
geli
geli
geli
geli
geli
geli
options GEOM_ELI
device crypto

geli
/boot/loader.conf
geom_eli_load="YES"
/private
geli
/dev/random
/dev/da2.eli
# dd if=/dev/random of=/root/da2.key bs=64 count=1
# geli init -s 4096 -K /root/da2.key /dev/da2
Enter new passphrase:
Reenter new passphrase:

# cat keyfile1 keyfile2 keyfile3 | geli init -K - /dev/da2

# geli attach -k /root/da2.key /dev/da2
Enter passphrase:

/dev/da2.eli
# ls /dev/da2*
/dev/da2  /dev/da2.eli

# dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/da2.eli bs=1m
# newfs /dev/da2.eli
# mount /dev/da2.eli /private

# df -H
Filesystem     Size   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a    248M    89M   139M    38%    /
/devfs         1.0K   1.0K     0B   100%    /dev
/dev/ad0s1f    7.7G   2.3G   4.9G    32%    /usr
/dev/ad0s1d    989M   1.5M   909M     0%    /tmp
/dev/ad0s1e    3.9G   1.3G   2.3G    35%    /var
/dev/da2.eli   150G   4.1K   138G     0%    /private

/private
# umount /private
# geli detach da2.eli

geli
# dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/ad0s1b bs=1m
# geli onetime -d -a 3des ad0s1b
# swapon /dev/ad0s1b.eli

rc.d
geli
geli
geli_devices="da2"
geli_da2_flags="-p -k /root/da2.key"

/dev/da2
geli
/root/da2.key
geli
geli
rc.d
/dev
geom_stripe
# kldload geom_stripe.ko

/mnt
# mkdir /mnt

/dev/ad2
/dev/ad3
# gstripe label -v st0 /dev/ad2 /dev/ad3

# bsdlabel -wB /dev/stripe/st0

/dev/stripe
st0
st0a
st0c
st0a
newfs
# newfs -U /dev/stripe/st0a

# mount /dev/stripe/st0a /mnt

/etc/fstab
# echo "/dev/stripe/st0a /mnt ufs rw 2 2" \
    >> /etc/fstab

geom_stripe
/boot/loader.conf
# echo 'geom_stripe_load="YES"' >> /boot/loader.conf

/
root
/dev/mirror/gm
/dev/da1
# gmirror label -vnb round-robin gm0 /dev/da1

Metadata value stored on /dev/da1.
Done.

/boot/kernel/geom_mirror.ko
# gmirror load

gm0
gm0s1
gm0s1a
gm0s1c
/dev/mirror
fdisk
gm0
# fdisk -vBI /dev/mirror/gm0

bsdlabel
# bsdlabel -wB /dev/mirror/gm0s1

gm0s1a
# newfs -U /dev/mirror/gm0s1a

/mnt
# mount /dev/mirror/gm0s1a /mnt

# dump -L -0 -f- / |(cd /mnt && restore -r -v -f-)

/mnt/etc/fstab
/mnt/etc/fstab
# Device                Mountpoint      FStype  Options         Dump    Pass#
#/dev/da0s2b             none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/mirror/gm0s1a       /               ufs     rw              1       1

boot.conf
# echo "1:da(1,a)/boot/loader" > /boot.config

# echo "1:da(1,a)/boot/loader" > /mnt/boot.config

/boot/loader.conf
# echo 'geom_mirror_load="YES"' >> /mnt/boot/loader.conf

geom_mirror.ko
# shutdown -r now

gm0s1a
da0
gm0
# gmirror configure -a gm0
# gmirror insert gm0 /dev/da0

gm0
data
ffs_mountroot: can't find rootvp
Root mount failed: 6
mountroot>

OK? load geom_mirror.ko
OK? boot

options    GEOM_MIRROR

    drive a device /dev/da3h
    volume myvol
      plex org concat
        sd length 512m drive a

      # vinum -> create config1
      Configuration summary
      Drives:         1 (4 configured)
      Volumes:        1 (4 configured)
      Plexes:         1 (8 configured)
      Subdisks:       1 (16 configured)

    D a                     State: up       Device /dev/da3h        Avail: 2061/2573 MB (80%)

    V myvol                 State: up       Plexes:       1 Size:        512 MB

    P myvol.p0            C State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB

    S myvol.p0.s0           State: up       PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB

   drive b device /dev/da4h
    volume mirror
      plex org concat
        sd length 512m drive a
      plex org concat
        sd length 512m drive b

   Drives:         2 (4 configured)
    Volumes:        2 (4 configured)
    Plexes:         3 (8 configured)
    Subdisks:       3 (16 configured)

    D a                     State: up       Device /dev/da3h        Avail: 1549/2573 MB (60%)
    D b                     State: up       Device /dev/da4h        Avail: 2061/2573 MB (80%)

    V myvol                 State: up       Plexes:       1 Size:        512 MB
    V mirror                State: up       Plexes:       2 Size:        512 MB

    P myvol.p0            C State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB
    P mirror.p0           C State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB
    P mirror.p1           C State: initializing     Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB

    S myvol.p0.s0           State: up       PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB
    S mirror.p0.s0          State: up       PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB
    S mirror.p1.s0          State: empty    PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB

   drive c device /dev/da5h
    drive d device /dev/da6h
    volume stripe
    plex org striped 512k
      sd length 128m drive a
      sd length 128m drive b
      sd length 128m drive c
      sd length 128m drive d

   Drives:         4 (4 configured)
    Volumes:        3 (4 configured)
    Plexes:         4 (8 configured)
    Subdisks:       7 (16 configured)

    D a                     State: up       Device /dev/da3h        Avail: 1421/2573 MB (55%)
    D b                     State: up       Device /dev/da4h        Avail: 1933/2573 MB (75%)
    D c                     State: up       Device /dev/da5h        Avail: 2445/2573 MB (95%)
    D d                     State: up       Device /dev/da6h        Avail: 2445/2573 MB (95%)

    V myvol                 State: up       Plexes:       1 Size:        512 MB
    V mirror                State: up       Plexes:       2 Size:        512 MB
    V striped               State: up       Plexes:       1 Size:        512 MB

    P myvol.p0            C State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB
    P mirror.p0           C State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB
    P mirror.p1           C State: initializing     Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB
    P striped.p1            State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB

    S myvol.p0.s0           State: up       PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB
    S mirror.p0.s0          State: up       PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB
    S mirror.p1.s0          State: empty    PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB
    S striped.p0.s0         State: up       PO:        0  B Size:        128 MB
    S striped.p0.s1         State: up       PO:      512 kB Size:        128 MB
    S striped.p0.s2         State: up       PO:     1024 kB Size:        128 MB
    S striped.p0.s3         State: up       PO:     1536 kB Size:        128 MB

   volume raid10
      plex org striped 512k
        sd length 102480k drive a
        sd length 102480k drive b
        sd length 102480k drive c
        sd length 102480k drive d
        sd length 102480k drive e
      plex org striped 512k
        sd length 102480k drive c
        sd length 102480k drive d
        sd length 102480k drive e
        sd length 102480k drive a
        sd length 102480k drive b

/dev/vinum
/dev/vinum/control
/dev/vinum/controld
/dev/vinum/myvol
/dev/vinum/mirror
/dev/vinum/striped
/dev/vinum/raid5
/dev/vinum/raid10
/dev/vinum/rmyvol
/dev/vinum/rmirror
/dev/vinum/rstriped
/dev/vinum/rraid5
/dev/vinum/rraid10
/dev/vinum/drive
/dev/vinum/volume
/dev/vinum/plex
/dev/vinum/sd
/dev/vinum/rsd
   drive drive1 device /dev/sd1h
    drive drive2 device /dev/sd2h
    drive drive3 device /dev/sd3h
    drive drive4 device /dev/sd4h
    volume s64 setupstate
      plex org striped 64k
        sd length 100m drive drive1
        sd length 100m drive drive2
        sd length 100m drive drive3
        sd length 100m drive drive4

/dev/vinum
   brwx------  1 root  wheel   25, 0x40000001 Apr 13 16:46 Control
    brwx------  1 root  wheel   25, 0x40000002 Apr 13 16:46 control
    brwx------  1 root  wheel   25, 0x40000000 Apr 13 16:46 controld
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel       512 Apr 13 16:46 drive
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel       512 Apr 13 16:46 plex
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   91,   2 Apr 13 16:46 rs64
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel       512 Apr 13 16:46 rsd
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel       512 Apr 13 16:46 rvol
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25,   2 Apr 13 16:46 s64
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel       512 Apr 13 16:46 sd
    drwxr-xr-x  3 root  wheel       512 Apr 13 16:46 vol

    /dev/vinum/drive:
    total 0
    lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  9 Apr 13 16:46 drive1 -> /dev/sd1h
    lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  9 Apr 13 16:46 drive2 -> /dev/sd2h
    lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  9 Apr 13 16:46 drive3 -> /dev/sd3h
    lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  9 Apr 13 16:46 drive4 -> /dev/sd4h

    /dev/vinum/plex:
    total 0
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25, 0x10000002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0

    /dev/vinum/rsd:
    total 0
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   91, 0x20000002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s0
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   91, 0x20100002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s1
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   91, 0x20200002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s2
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   91, 0x20300002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s3

    /dev/vinum/rvol:
    total 0
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   91,   2 Apr 13 16:46 s64

    /dev/vinum/sd:
    total 0
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25, 0x20000002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s0
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25, 0x20100002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s1
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25, 0x20200002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s2
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25, 0x20300002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s3

    /dev/vinum/vol:
    total 1
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25,   2 Apr 13 16:46 s64
    drwxr-xr-x  3 root  wheel       512 Apr 13 16:46 s64.plex

    /dev/vinum/vol/s64.plex:
    total 1
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25, 0x10000002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel       512 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.sd

    /dev/vinum/vol/s64.plex/s64.p0.sd:
    total 0
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25, 0x20000002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s0
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25, 0x20100002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s1
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25, 0x20200002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s2
    brwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25, 0x20300002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s3

/dev/ad0a
a
ad
/dev/da2h
h
da
/dev/vinum/concat
# newfs /dev/vinum/concat
newfs: /dev/vinum/concat: can't figure out file system partition

# newfs -v /dev/vinum/concat

GENERIC
volume myvol state up
volume bigraid state down
plex name myvol.p0 state up org concat vol myvol
plex name myvol.p1 state up org concat vol myvol
plex name myvol.p2 state init org striped 512b vol myvol
plex name bigraid.p0 state initializing org raid5 512b vol bigraid
sd name myvol.p0.s0 drive a plex myvol.p0 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 0b
sd name myvol.p0.s1 drive b plex myvol.p0 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 1048576b
sd name myvol.p1.s0 drive c plex myvol.p1 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 0b
sd name myvol.p1.s1 drive d plex myvol.p1 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 1048576b
sd name myvol.p2.s0 drive a plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 0b
sd name myvol.p2.s1 drive b plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 524288b
sd name myvol.p2.s2 drive c plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 1048576b
sd name myvol.p2.s3 drive d plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 1572864b
sd name bigraid.p0.s0 drive a plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 0b
sd name bigraid.p0.s1 drive b plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 4194304b
sd name bigraid.p0.s2 drive c plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 8388608b
sd name bigraid.p0.s3 drive d plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 12582912b
sd name bigraid.p0.s4 drive e plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 16777216b

/etc/rc.conf
start_vinum="YES"      # set to YES to start vinum

/etc/rc.conf
vinum start
"root"
start_vinum
/boot/loader
/boot/loader.conf
vinum_load="YES"

vinum start
vinum.autostart="YES"

/boot/loader.conf
/boot/loader
/etc/fstab
/boot/loader
"a"
"a"
"a"
# vinum l -rv root

disklabel
# disklabel -e devname

devname
da0
ad0s1
"a"
"a"
"offset"
"size"
"a"
"fstype"
4.2BSD
"fsize"
"bsize"
"cpg"
"a"
disklabel
"vinum"
"a"
# fsck -n /dev/devnamea

/etc/fstab
/boot/loader.conf
Mounting root from ufs:/dev/vinum/root

vinum l -rv root
...
Subdisk root.p0.s0:
        Size:        125829120 bytes (120 MB)
        State: up
        Plex root.p0 at offset 0 (0  B)
        Drive disk0 (/dev/da0h) at offset 135680 (132 kB)

Subdisk root.p1.s0:
        Size:        125829120 bytes (120 MB)
        State: up
        Plex root.p1 at offset 0 (0  B)
        Drive disk1 (/dev/da1h) at offset 135680 (132 kB)

135680
/dev/da0h
disklabel
/dev/da1h
...
8 partitions:
#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
  a:   245760      281    4.2BSD     2048 16384     0   # (Cyl.    0*- 15*)
  c: 71771688        0    unused        0     0         # (Cyl.    0 - 4467*)
  h: 71771672       16     vinum                        # (Cyl.    0*- 4467*)

"size"
"a"
"offset"
"h"
"a"
"h"
vinum.autostart
show
set
unset
load vinum
boot -as
/etc/fstab
ufs:/dev/vinum/root
ufs:da0d
"a"
/boot/loader
"a"
disklabel
-B
/dev/vinum/root
/boot/loader.conf
vinum.drives="/dev/da0 /dev/da1"

/dev/ad0s1a
/dev/vinum/root
vinum.root
/boot/loader.conf
vinum.root="root"

boot -a
ufs:da0d
ufs:vinum/root
/dev/
кодязыка_кодстраны.кодировка

I18N
LANG
~/.login_conf
~/.profile
~/.bashrc
~/.cshrc
LC_CTYPE
LC_CTIME
LANG
MM_CHARSET
.login_conf
me:\
    :charset=ISO-8859-1:\
    :lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:

.login_conf
#Пользователи, которые не хотят использовать
денежные единицы
#и форматы времени Тайваня, могут вручную изменить каждую переменную
me:\
    :lang=zh_TW.Big5:\
    :lc_all=zh_TW.Big:\
    :lc_collate=zh_TW.Big5:\
    :lc_ctype=zh_TW.Big5:\
    :lc_messages=zh_TW.Big5:\
    :lc_monetary=zh_TW.Big5:\
    :lc_numeric=zh_TW.Big5:\
    :lc_time=zh_TW.Big5:\
    :charset=big5:\
    :xmodifiers="@im=xcin": #Setting the XIM Input Server

/etc/login.conf
/etc/login.conf
language_name:accounts_title:\
    :charset=MIME_charset:\
    :lang=locale_name:\
    :tc=default:

german:German Users Accounts:\
    :charset=ISO-8859-1:\
    :lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:\
    :tc=default:

vipw
user:password:1111:11:language:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh

adduser
defaultclass = язык
/etc/adduser.conf
default
Enter login class: default []:

# adduser -class язык

# pw useradd
        имя_пользователя -L язык

/etc/profile
/etc/csh.login
/etc/profile
LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG
MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-1; export MM_CHARSET

/etc/csh.login
setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1
setenv MM_CHARSET ISO-8859-1

/usr/share/skel/dot.profile
/etc/profile
/usr/share/skel/dot.login
/etc/csh.login
$HOME/.xinitrc
LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG

setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1

/etc/rc.conf
font8x16=имя_шрифта
font8x14=имя_шрифта
font8x8=имя_шрифта

имя_шрифта
/usr/share/syscons/fonts
.fnt
sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
/etc/rc.conf
scrnmap=screenmap_name
keymap=keymap_name
keychange="fkey_number sequence"

screenmap_name
/usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps
.scm
/etc/rc.conf
moused_enable="YES"

options        SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03

/etc/rc.conf
mousechar_start=3

keymap_name
/usr/share/syscons/keymaps
.kbd
keychange
ttyv*
/etc/ttys
cons25l1
cons25l2
cons25l7
cons25r
cons25u
cons25
cons25w
/usr/ports/language
chinese/big5con
japanese/kon2-16dot
japanese/mule-freewnn
korean/han
~/.Xresources
x11-servers/xorg-server
x11-servers/XFree86-4-Server
Makefile
Makefile
~/.login_conf
me:My Account:\
    :charset=KOI8-R:\
    :lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:

options        SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03

/etc/rc.conf
mousechar_start=3

/etc/rc.conf
keymap="ru.koi8-r"
scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866"
font8x16="cp866b-8x16"
font8x14="cp866-8x14"
font8x8="cp866-8x8"

ttyv*
/etc/ttys
cons25r
/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt
/etc/printcap
lp|Russian local line printer:\
    :sh:of=/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt:\
    :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/output/lpd:lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:

/dev/ad0s2      /dos/c  msdos   rw,-Wkoi2dos,-Lru_RU.KOI8-R 0 0

/usr
/usr/libdata/msdosfs
x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-cyrillic
"Files"
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
FontPath
FontPath   "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/misc"
FontPath   "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/75dpi"
FontPath   "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi"

"Keyboard"
corg.conf
Option "XkbLayout"   "us,ru"
Option "XkbOptions"  "grp:toggle"

XkbDisable
grp:caps_toggle
grp:toggle
grp:caps_toggle
xorg.conf
Option "XkbVariant" ",winkeys"

FreeBSD Chinese HOWTO
zh-L10N-tut
/usr/share/doc
make buildworld
sup
standard-supfile
/usr/share/examples/cvsup
cvsup
cron
supfile
Makefile
/usr/src
/usr/src/UPDATING
sup
stable-supfile
/usr/share/examples/cvsup
cvsup
cron
supfile
cvsup
ftp
Makefile
/usr/src
/usr/src/UPDATING
/bin
/sbin
cvsup
make world
make world
make
world
/usr/src/UPDATING
# make buildworld
# make buildkernel
# make installkernel
# reboot

buildworld
mergemaster -p
UPDATING
installkernel
boot -s
# mergemaster -p
# make installworld
# mergemaster
# reboot

/usr/src/UPDATING
/usr/src/UPDATING
UPDATING
UPDATING
UPDATING
/etc/make.conf
/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf
/etc/defaults/make.conf
/etc/make.conf
/etc/make.conf
/etc/make.conf
make
CFLAGS
NO_PROFILE
NOPROFILE
/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf
/etc/defaults/make.conf
/etc/make.conf
COPTFLAGS
NOPORTDOCS
/etc
/etc
/etc/group
make installworld
make buildworld
smmsp
/var/spool/clientmqueue
/usr/src/etc/group
/etc/group
/usr/src/etc/group
buildworld
installworld
mergemaster
# cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
# ./mergemaster.sh -p

# find / -group GID -print

GID
installkernel
installworld
# shutdown now

# fsck -p
# mount -u /
# mount -a -t ufs
# swapon -a

/
/etc/fstab
# adjkerntz -i

/usr/obj
/usr/obj
/usr/src
make buildworld
/usr/obj
# cd /usr/obj
# chflags -R noschg *
# rm -rf *

# script /var/tmp/mw.out
Script started, output file is /var/tmp/mw.out
# make world
... compile, compile, compile ...
# exit
Script done, ...

/tmp
/var/tmp
root
/usr/src
# cd /usr/src

Makefile
# make -x -DVARIABLE target

x
VARIABLE
Makefile
Makefile
/etc/make.conf
# make -DNO_PROFILE=true target

NO_PROFILE=    true    # Обход построения библиотек для профилирования

/etc/make.conf
target
Makefile
Makefile
# make target

world
buildworld
installworld
world
buildworld
/usr/obj
installworld
buildworld
installworld
A
B
C
make buildworld
make installworld
A
B
C
/usr/src
/usr/obj
A
make installworld
B
C
world
# make buildworld

make
# make -j4 buildworld

GENERIC
GENERIC
GENERIC
KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
# cd /usr/src
# make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
# make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

kern.securelevel
noschg
installkernel
kern.securelevel
make buildworld
installworld
# cd /usr/src
# make installworld

make buildworld
make
installworld
installworld
# make -DNO_PROFILE buildworld

# make -DNO_PROFILE installworld

make
buildworld
make installworld
/etc
/var
/usr
/etc
mergemaster
/etc
/usr/src/etc
mergemaster
mergemaster
/
/usr/src/etc
/etc
/usr/src/etc
/etc
/etc
/usr/src/etc
/etc
/etc
# cp -Rp /etc /etc.old

/etc
/var/tmp/root
# mkdir /var/tmp/root
# cd /usr/src/etc
# make DESTDIR=/var/tmp/root distrib-dirs distribution

/var/tmp/root
# cd /var/tmp/root
# find -d . -type d | xargs rmdir 2>/dev/null

/dev/null
/var/tmp/root
/
/var/tmp/root
/var/tmp/root/
/var/tmp/root/root/
ls -a
# diff /etc/shells /var/tmp/root/etc/shells

/etc/shells
/var/tmp/root/etc/shells
/var/tmp/root
/etc
/etc
/etc
# mkdir /var/tmp/root-19980214
# cd /usr/src/etc
# make DESTDIR=/var/tmp/root-19980214 \
    distrib-dirs distribution

/var/tmp/root-19980214
/var/tmp/root-19980221
# cd /var/tmp
# diff -r root-19980214 root-19980221

/var/tmp/root-19980221/etc
/etc
/etc
/var/tmp/root-*
# rm -rf /var/tmp/root-19980214

/etc
# mkdir /var/tmp/root-`date "+%Y%m%d"`

/dev
/var/tmp/root/dev/MAKEDEV
/dev
# cp /var/tmp/root/dev/MAKEDEV /dev

/etc
MAKEDEV
/dev
# cd /dev
# ls -l | awk '{print $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $NF}' > /var/tmp/dev.out

# sh MAKEDEV all

/var/tmp/dev2.out
# diff /var/tmp/dev.out /var/tmp/dev2.out

# sh MAKEDEV sd0s1

/stand
/rescue
make installworld
/stand
/stand
/stand/sysinstall
/usr
# cd /usr/src/release/sysinstall
# make all install

# shutdown -r now

/etc/magic
/etc
# cd /usr/src/usr.bin/file
# make all install

/usr/obj
src/games/cribbage/instr.c
src/games/sail/pl_main.c
src/release/sysinstall/config.c
src/release/sysinstall/media.c
src/share/mk/bsd.port.mk

make all install
src/lib/libc/stdlib
/usr/obj
/usr/obj
make buildworld
/usr/obj
make buildworld
make buildworld
... исправление проблемы ...
# cd /usr/src
# make -DNO_CLEAN all

-DNOCLEAN
make buildworld
--------------------------------------------------------------
Building everything..
--------------------------------------------------------------

make buildworld
/usr/src
/usr/obj
/etc/make.conf
/etc/make.conf
CFLAGS
n
/usr/src
# mount -u -o noatime /usr/src

/usr/src
/usr
/usr/src
/usr/obj
/usr/obj
# mount -u -o async /usr/obj

/usr/obj
# chflags -R noschg /usr/obj/usr
# rm -rf /usr/obj/usr
# cd /usr/src
# make cleandir
# make cleandir

make cleandir
make
buildworld
uname -a
make buildworld
make
buildkernel
/usr/obj
/usr/src
/usr/src
/etc/make.conf
KERNCONF
/etc/make.conf
KERNCONF
/usr/src/sys/arch/conf
/usr/src
/usr/obj
shutdown now
mergemaster
/usr/ports
/etc/make.conf
DISTDIR
root
WRKDIRPREFIX
PACKAGES
DISTDIR
/dev
/dev/ttydN
N
/dev/cuadN
/dev/cuaaN
COM1
/dev/ttyd0
COM2
/dev/ttyd1
COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
/sbin/dmesg
sio
sio
# /sbin/dmesg | grep 'sio'

sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa
sio1: type 16550A
sio2 at 0x3e8-0x3ef irq 5 on isa
sio2: type 16550A
sio3 at 0x2e8-0x2ef irq 9 on isa
sio3: type 16550A

/boot/device.hints
device     sio0    at isa? port IO_COM1 irq 4
device      sio1    at isa? port IO_COM2 irq 3
device      sio2    at isa? port IO_COM3 irq 5
device      sio3    at isa? port IO_COM4 irq 9

port IO_COM1
port 0x3f8
IO_COM2
0x2f8
IO_COM3
0x3e8
IO_COM4
0x2e8
/dev
sio
/dev/ttydN
/dev/cuadN
/dev/ttydN.init
/dev/cuadN.init
/dev/ttyidN
/dev/cuaiaN
/dev/ttydN.lock
/dev/cuadN.lock
/dev/ttyldN
/dev/cualaN
crtscts
RTS/CTS
devfs
/dev
MAKEDEV
MAKEDEV
COM1
cd
/dev
MAKEDEV ttyd0
COM2
MAKEDEV ttyd1
MAKEDEV
/dev/ttydN
/dev/cuaaN
/dev/cuaiaN
/dev/cualaN
/dev/ttyldN
/dev/ttyidN
/dev/cua*
/dev/cua*
crw-rw----    1 uucp     dialer    28, 129 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cuaa1
crw-rw----    1 uucp     dialer    28, 161 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cuaia1
crw-rw----    1 uucp     dialer    28, 193 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cuala1

uucp
dialer
ttydN
cuadN
# stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1

ttyd5
# stty -f /dev/ttyd5.init clocal cs8 ixon ixoff

/etc/rc.d/serial
/etc/rc.serial
ttyd5
# stty -f /dev/ttyd5.lock 57600

ttyd5
root
xterm
init
init
/etc/ttys
getty
getty
login
root
/etc/ttys
/dev
/usr/libexec/getty
getty
/etc/gettytab
init
/etc/ttys
getty
/etc/gettytab
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
ttyv0
/dev
/dev
/dev/ttyv0
ttyv0
/etc/ttys
ttyd0
ttyd3
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
ttyd1  "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400"  wy50  on  insecure
ttyd5   "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200"  vt100  on  insecure

/dev
getty
getty
getty
getty
getty
/etc/gettytab
/etc/gettytab
std
std
getty
/etc/ttys
unknown
dialup
on
init
getty
off
getty
root
root
su
init
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
init
# kill -HUP 1

init
getty
getty
getty
ps
# ps -axww|grep getty

getty
ttyd1
std.38400
/etc/gettytab
22189  d1  Is+    0:00.03 /usr/libexec/getty std.38400 ttyd1

getty
/etc/ttys
kill -HUP 1
ttys
getty
/etc/ttys
std.38400
3wire.38400
3wire
std
3wire
getty
getty
/etc/ttys
kill -HUP 1
init
getty
/dev/ttyd0
ps ax
 4850 ??  I      0:00.09 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0

getty
getty
getty
getty
getty
getty
/usr/bin/login
/etc
/etc/gettytab
/usr/libexec/getty
/etc/ttys
/sbin/init
tty
getty
getty
getty
getty
/etc/gettytab
/etc/gettytab
getty
/etc/gettytab
/etc/gettytab
getty
D2400
#
# Fast dialup terminals, 2400/1200/300 rotary (can start either way)
#
D2400|d2400|Fast-Dial-2400:\
        :nx=D1200:tc=2400-baud:
3|D1200|Fast-Dial-1200:\
        :nx=D300:tc=1200-baud:
5|D300|Fast-Dial-300:\
        :nx=D2400:tc=300-baud:

/etc/gettytab
#
# Additions for a V.32bis Modem
#
um|V300|High Speed Modem at 300,8-bit:\
        :nx=V19200:tc=std.300:
un|V1200|High Speed Modem at 1200,8-bit:\
        :nx=V300:tc=std.1200:
uo|V2400|High Speed Modem at 2400,8-bit:\
        :nx=V1200:tc=std.2400:
up|V9600|High Speed Modem at 9600,8-bit:\
        :nx=V2400:tc=std.9600:
uq|V19200|High Speed Modem at 19200,8-bit:\
        :nx=V9600:tc=std.19200:

nx=
tc=
gettytab
#
# Additions for a V.32bis or V.34 Modem
# Starting at 57.6 Kbps
#
vm|VH300|Very High Speed Modem at 300,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH57600:tc=std.300:
vn|VH1200|Very High Speed Modem at 1200,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH300:tc=std.1200:
vo|VH2400|Very High Speed Modem at 2400,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH1200:tc=std.2400:
vp|VH9600|Very High Speed Modem at 9600,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH2400:tc=std.9600:
vq|VH57600|Very High Speed Modem at 57600,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH9600:tc=std.57600:

sio
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
getty
ttyd0   "/usr/libexec/getty xxx"   dialup on

ttyd0
getty
/dev/ttyd0
"/usr/libexec/getty xxx"
xxx
gettytab
dialup
on
init
secure
dialup
dialup
dialup
vt102
/etc/ttys
init
# kill -HUP 1

init
ttys
getty
ttys
ttyd0   "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200"   dialup on

std.speed
std.19200
/etc/gettytab
ttys
/etc/gettytab
gettytab
V19200
ttys
ttyd0   "/usr/libexec/getty V19200"   dialup on

/etc/rc.d/serial
RTS/CTS
stty
/etc/rc.d/serial
termios
COM2
/etc/rc.d/serial
# Serial port initial configuration
stty -f /dev/ttyd1.init crtscts
stty -f /dev/cuad1.init crtscts

tip
getty
ATZ
AT&C1&D2&H1&I0&R2&W

getty
getty
ATZ
AT&B1&W

ATZ
AT&B2&W

ATI5
ATZ
ATI4
getty
ps ax
getty
  114 ??  I      0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0
  115 ??  I      0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd1

  114 d0  I      0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0

getty
getty
getty
ttydN
/etc/ttys
/var/log/messages
init
getty
/etc/ttys
/etc/gettytab
/dev/ttydN
BREAK
AT&B1
/etc/gettytab
getty
/etc/ttys
/etc/gettytab
nx=
gettytab
tc=
gettytab
tip
at=hayes
/etc/remote
BUSY
NO
DIALTONE
CONNECT 115200
tip
ATX0&W
tip
tip
ATS7=45&W
tip
tipconf.h
/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip
#define HAYES 0
#define HAYES 1
make
make install
/etc/remote
/dev/cuad0
cuad0:dv=/dev/cuad0:br#19200:pa=none

tip cuad0
cu
root
# cu -lline -sspeed

line
/dev/cuad0
speed
57600
@
@
tip
/etc/phones
@
/etc/remote
pn=\@

/etc/remote
tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuad0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuad0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:

# tip -115200 5551234

cu
tip
cu
cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuad1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:

# cu 5551234 -s 115200

tip1200
cu1200
tip
tip1200
CONNECT
<host>
tip
cm
/etc/remote
pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\
        :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13:
muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\
        :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13:
deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\
        :dv=/dev/cuad2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:

tip pain
tip
muffin
tip
deep13
/etc/remote
@
pn
big-university:\
        :pn=\@:tc=dialout
dialout:\
        :dv=/dev/cuad3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none:

/etc/phones
big-university 5551111
big-university 5551112
big-university 5551113
big-university 5551114

tip
tip
tip
~s
~sforce=single-char
single-char
single-char
single-char
$HOME/.tiprc
force=<single-char>

tip
~s
raisechar
force=^^
raisechar=^^

tip
~p
~t
cat
echo
~p
~t
tip
~C rz
~C sz файлы
/boot/loader
# echo 'console="comconsole"' >> /boot/loader.conf

/etc/ttys
off
on
dialup
vt100
ttyd0
Keyboard failed
COM1
sio0
COM1
sio0
COM1
COM1
COM1
COM1
COM2
sio1
COM1
sio0
0x10
0x20
0x20
0x40
0x10
0x40
device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4

boot.config
a
/boot/loader
/boot.config
/boot.config
/boot.config: -P
Keyboard: no

/boot.config
/boot.config
>> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT
Default: 0:ad(0,a)/boot/loader
boot:

/boot.config
sio0
device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4

sio0
device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x30 irq 4

/etc/make.conf
BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=19200

options CONSPEED=19200

sio0
sio0
/etc/make.conf
BOOT_COMCONSOLE_PORT
sio0
sio3
COM1
COM4
sio1
COM2
device sio1 at isa? port IO_COM2 flags 0x10 irq 3

device sio1 at isa? port IO_COM2 flags 0x30 irq 3

# cd /sys/boot
# make clean
# make
# make install

options BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER
options DDB

/etc/ttys
ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
ttyd2 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
ttyd3 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure

ttyd0
ttyd3
COM1
COM4
off
on
std.9600
std.19200
unknown
kill -HUP 1
/boot/loader.rc
set console="comconsole"

/boot/loader.rc
set console="vidconsole"

console
/boot/loader.conf.local
/boot/loader.conf
/boot/loader.rc
/boot/loader.rc
include /boot/loader.4th
start

/boot/loader.conf.local
console=comconsole

console=vidconsole

sio0
sio0
tun
ppp
root
enable dns
ppp.conf
HISADDR
255.255.255.255
tun
/dev/tun0
tun0
tunN
N
tun0
tun0
# cd /dev
# sh MAKEDEV tun0

# cd /dev
# sh MAKEDEV tun15

ppp
pppd
/etc/ppp
/usr/share/examples/ppp/
ppp
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
:
1     default:
2       set log Phase Chat LCP IPCP CCP tun command
3       ident user-ppp VERSION (built COMPILATIONDATE)
4       set device /dev/cuaa0
5       set speed 115200
6       set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 5 \
7                 \"\" AT OK-AT-OK ATE1Q0 OK \\dATDT\\T TIMEOUT 40 CONNECT"
8       set timeout 180
9       enable dns
10
11    provider:
12      set phone "(123) 456 7890"
13      set authname foo
14      set authkey bar
15      set login "TIMEOUT 10 \"\" \"\" gin:--gin: \\U word: \\P col: ppp"
16      set timeout 300
17      set ifaddr x.x.x.x y.y.y.y 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
18      add default HISADDR

set log phase tun

COM1
/dev/cuaa0
COM2
/dev/cuaa1
ppp.conf
\
provider
:
|
"
set
login
J. Random Provider
login: foo
password: bar
protocol: ppp

x.x.x.x
y.y.y.y
10.0.0.2/0
/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
ppp
HISADDR
HISADDR
ppp.linkup
ppp.linkup
/usr/share/examples/ppp/
ppp
ppp
ppp.conf
17      set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0 255.255.255.255

/
/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
ppp
1     provider:
2      add default HISADDR

ppp
ppp.linkup
ppp.conf
MYADDR
ppp
HISADDR
HISADDR
pmdemand
/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.linkup.sample
enable
proxy
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
/etc/rc.conf
gateway_enable="YES"

getty
getty
mgetty
/etc/ttys
mgetty
mgetty
ppp
root
ppp
ppp
network
/etc/group
allow
allow users fred mary

default
/etc/ppp/ppp-shell
#!/bin/sh
IDENT=`echo $0 | sed -e 's/^.*-\(.*\)$/\1/'`
CALLEDAS="$IDENT"
TTY=`tty`

if [ x$IDENT = xdialup ]; then
        IDENT=`basename $TTY`
fi

echo "PPP for $CALLEDAS on $TTY"
echo "Starting PPP for $IDENT"

exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT

ppp-dialup
# ln -s ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup

/etc/password
pchilds
vipw
pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup

/home/ppp
-r--r--r--   1 root     wheel     0 May 27 02:23 .hushlogin
-r--r--r--   1 root     wheel           0 May 27 02:22 .rhosts

/etc/motd
ppp-shell
ppp-shell
fred
sam
mary
# ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred
# ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam
# ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-mary

mary
/etc/ppp/ppp-mary
ppp.conf
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
default:
  set debug phase lcp chat
  set timeout 0

ttyd0:
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.20 255.255.255.255
  enable proxy

ttyd1:
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.21 255.255.255.255
  enable proxy

default:
/etc/ttys
ttyd0:
ppp.conf
/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf
fred
sam
mary
fred:
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.101.1 255.255.255.255

sam:
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.102.1 255.255.255.255

mary:
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.103.1 255.255.255.255

/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
203.14.101.0
fred:
  add 203.14.101.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR

sam:
  add 203.14.102.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR

mary:
  add 203.14.103.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR

mgetty
mgetty
AUTO_PPP
mgetty
mgetty
AUTO_PPP
/usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config
/AutoPPP/ -     -            /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup

mgetty
ppp-pap-dialup
/etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap$IDENT

/etc/ttys
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
pap:
  enable pap
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.20-203.14.100.40
  enable proxy

/etc/ppp/ppp.secret
/etc/password
enable passwdauth

/etc/ppp/ppp.secret
/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.secret.sample
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
enable msext
set ns 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.2
set nbns 203.14.100.5

accept dns
set dns 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.2
set nbns 203.14.100.5

set dns
/etc/resolv.conf
13      set authname MyUserName
14      set authkey MyPassword
15      set login

MyUserName
MyPassword
16      accept PAP

16      accept CHAP

ppp
ppp
set server /var/run/ppp-tun%d DiagnosticPassword 0177

%d
tun
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
nat enable yes

-nat
/etc/rc.conf
ppp_nat
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:ftp ftp
nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:http http

nat deny_incoming yes

ppp
/etc/rc.conf
hostname=
hostname="foo.example.com"

network_interfaces
tun0
network_interfaces="lo0 tun0"
ifconfig_tun0=

ifconfig_tun0
/etc/start_if.tun0
ppp -auto mysystem

/etc/rc.conf
router_enable="NO"

routed
ppp
sendmail_flags
sendmail
sendmail_flags="-bd"

sendmail
# /usr/sbin/sendmail -q

!bg
ppp.linkup
1     provider:
2       delete ALL
3       add 0 0 HISADDR
4       !bg sendmail -bd -q30m

# ppp

dial provider
ppp
start_if.tun0
# ppp -auto provider

tun
tunN
/dev
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
pmdemand
/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
/etc/rc.conf
start_if.tun0
tun
tunN
/dev
/etc/passwd
ppp
-direct direct-server
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
direct-server
/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
/etc/rc.conf
pppd
/usr/sbin
/etc/ppp
pppd
/etc/ppp/options
~/.ppprc
comms/kermit
pppd
/etc/ppp/options
crtscts     # enable hardware flow control
modem           # modem control line
noipdefault     # remote PPP server must supply your IP address
                # if the remote host does not send your IP during IPCP
                # negotiation, remove this option
passive         # wait for LCP packets
domain ppp.foo.com      # put your domain name here

:<remote_ip>    # put the IP of remote PPP host here
                # it will be used to route packets via PPP link
                # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option
                # change this line to <local_ip>:<remote_ip>

defaultroute    # put this if you want that PPP server will be your
                # default router

# /usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd /dev/tty01 19200

/etc/ppp/options
/etc/ppp/pppup
#!/bin/sh
ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
        kill ${pid}
fi
ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
        kill -9 ${pid}
fi

ifconfig ppp0 down
ifconfig ppp0 delete

kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.dial
pppd /dev/tty01 19200

/etc/ppp/kermit.dial
/etc/ppp/pppdown
#!/bin/sh
pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
        kill -TERM ${pid}
fi

ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
        kill -9 ${pid}
fi

/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 down
/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 delete
kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.hup
/etc/ppp/ppptest

pppd
/usr/etc/ppp/ppptest
#!/bin/sh
pid=`ps ax| grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'pppd running: PID=' ${pid-NONE}
else
        echo 'No pppd running.'
fi
set -x
netstat -n -I ppp0
ifconfig ppp0

/etc/ppp/kermit.hup
set line /dev/tty01    ; put your modem device here
set speed 19200
set file type binary
set file names literal
set win 8
set rec pack 1024
set send pack 1024
set block 3
set term bytesize 8
set command bytesize 8
set flow none

pau 1
out +++
inp 5 OK
out ATH0\13
echo \13
exit

chat
kermit
pppd
/etc/ppp/options
/dev/cuaa1 115200

crtscts     # enable hardware flow control
modem       # modem control line
connect "/usr/bin/chat -f /etc/ppp/login.chat.script"
noipdefault # remote PPP serve must supply your IP address
            # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during
                # IPCP negotiation, remove this option
passive         # wait for LCP packets
domain <your.domain>  # put your domain name here

:       # put the IP of remote PPP host here
            # it will be used to route packets via PPP link
                # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option
                # change this line to <local_ip>:<remote_ip>

defaultroute    # put this if you want that PPP server will be
            # your default router

/etc/ppp/login.chat.script
ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' "" AT OK ATDT<phone.number>
  CONNECT "" TIMEOUT 10 ogin:-\\r-ogin: <login-id>
  TIMEOUT 5 sword: <password>

pppd
# pppd

pppd
/etc/ppp/options
crtscts                         # Hardware flow control
netmask 255.255.255.0           # netmask (not required)
192.114.208.20:192.114.208.165  # IP's of local and remote hosts
                                # local ip must be different from one
                                # you assigned to the Ethernet (or other)
                                # interface on your machine.
                                # remote IP is IP address that will be
                                # assigned to the remote machine
domain ppp.foo.com              # your domain
passive                         # wait for LCP
modem                           # modem line

/etc/ppp/pppserv
#!/bin/sh
ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
        kill ${pid}
fi
ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
        kill -9 ${pid}
fi

# reset ppp interface
ifconfig ppp0 down
ifconfig ppp0 delete

# enable autoanswer mode
kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.ans

# run ppp
pppd /dev/tty01 19200

/etc/ppp/pppservdown
#!/bin/sh
ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
        kill ${pid}
fi
ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
        kill -9 ${pid}
fi
ifconfig ppp0 down
ifconfig ppp0 delete

kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.noans

/etc/ppp/kermit.ans
set line /dev/tty01
set speed 19200
set file type binary
set file names literal
set win 8
set rec pack 1024
set send pack 1024
set block 3
set term bytesize 8
set command bytesize 8
set flow none

pau 1
out +++
inp 5 OK
out ATH0\13
inp 5 OK
echo \13
out ATS0=1\13   ; change this to out ATS0=0\13 if you want to disable
                ; autoanswer mode
inp 5 OK
echo \13
exit

/etc/ppp/kermit.dial
;
; put the com line attached to the modem here:
;
set line /dev/tty01
;
; put the modem speed here:
;
set speed 19200
set file type binary            ; full 8 bit file xfer
set file names literal
set win 8
set rec pack 1024
set send pack 1024
set block 3
set term bytesize 8
set command bytesize 8
set flow none
set modem hayes
set dial hangup off
set carrier auto                ; Then SET CARRIER if necessary,
set dial display on             ; Then SET DIAL if necessary,
set input echo on
set input timeout proceed
set input case ignore
def \%x 0                       ; login prompt counter
goto slhup

:slcmd                          ; put the modem in command mode
echo Put the modem in command mode.
clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
pause 1
output +++                      ; hayes escape sequence
input 1 OK\13\10                ; wait for OK
if success goto slhup
output \13
pause 1
output at\13
input 1 OK\13\10
if fail goto slcmd              ; if modem doesn't answer OK, try again

:slhup                          ; hang up the phone
clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
pause 1
echo Hanging up the phone.
output ath0\13                  ; hayes command for on hook
input 2 OK\13\10
if fail goto slcmd              ; if no OK answer, put modem in command mode

:sldial                         ; dial the number
pause 1
echo Dialing.
output atdt9,550311\13\10               ; put phone number here
assign \%x 0                    ; zero the time counter

:look
clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
increment \%x                   ; Count the seconds
input 1 {CONNECT }
if success goto sllogin
reinput 1 {NO CARRIER\13\10}
if success goto sldial
reinput 1 {NO DIALTONE\13\10}
if success goto slnodial
reinput 1 {\255}
if success goto slhup
reinput 1 {\127}
if success goto slhup
if < \%x 60 goto look
else goto slhup

:sllogin                        ; login
assign \%x 0                    ; zero the time counter
pause 1
echo Looking for login prompt.

:slloop
increment \%x                   ; Count the seconds
clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
output \13
;
; put your expected login prompt here:
;
input 1 {Username: }
if success goto sluid
reinput 1 {\255}
if success goto slhup
reinput 1 {\127}
if success goto slhup
if < \%x 10 goto slloop         ; try 10 times to get a login prompt
else goto slhup                 ; hang up and start again if 10 failures

:sluid
;
; put your userid here:
;
output ppp-login\13
input 1 {Password: }
;
; put your password here:
;
output ppp-password\13
input 1 {Entering SLIP mode.}
echo
quit

:slnodial
echo \7No dialtone.  Check the telephone line!\7
exit 1

; local variables:
; mode: csh
; comment-start: "; "
; comment-start-skip: "; "
; end:

ssword
password
ppp
ppp
sio
dmesg
#dmesg | grep sio

sio
sio1
COM2
/dev
MAKEDEV
# sh MAKEDEV cuaa0 cuaa1 cuaa2 cuaa3

sio1
COM2
/dev/cuaa1
ppp
ppp
ppp
ppp
# ppp

ppp
ppp ON example> set device /dev/cuaa1

cuaa1
ppp ON example> set speed 115200

ppp ON example> enable dns

ppp
/etc/resolv.conf
ppp
ppp ON example> term

deflink: Entering terminal mode on /dev/cuaa1
type '~h' for help

at
OK
atdt123456789

at
atdt
CONNECT

ISP Login:myusername

ISP Pass:mypassword

Shell or PPP:ppp

ppp
ppp
Ppp ON example>

PPp ON example>

PPP ON example>

PPP ON example>add default HISADDR

!
PPP
ppp
~p
ppp ON example> set authname myusername

myusername
ppp ON example> set authkey mypassword

mypassword
/etc/resolv.conf
domain example.com
nameserver x.x.x.x
nameserver y.y.y.y

x.x.x.x
y.y.y.y
!ppp
*.*     /var/log/ppp.log

/etc/syslog.conf
ppp.conf
ppp.conf
default:
  set log Phase tun command # you can add more detailed logging if you wish
  set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0

name_of_service_provider:
  set device PPPoE:xl1 # replace xl1 with your Ethernet device
  set authname YOURLOGINNAME
  set authkey YOURPASSWORD
  set dial
  set login
  add default HISADDR

root
# ppp -ddial name_of_service_provider

/etc/rc.conf
ppp_enable="YES"
ppp_mode="ddial"
ppp_nat="YES"   # if you want to enable nat for your local network, otherwise NO
ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"

ppp.conf
set device
set device PPPoE:xl1:ISP

xl1
ISP
/etc/sysctl.conf
net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1

sysctl
net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1
net/pppoa
/etc/usbd.conf
root
device "Alcatel SpeedTouch USB"
    devname "ugen[0-9]+"
    vendor 0x06b9
    product 0x4061
    attach "/usr/local/sbin/modem_run -f /usr/local/libdata/mgmt.o"

/etc/rc.conf
usbd_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.conf
root
ppp_enable="YES"
ppp_mode="ddial"
ppp_profile="adsl"

ppp.conf
net/pppoa
net/mpd
PREFIX/etc/mpd/
PREFIX
/usr/local/
PREFIX/share/doc/mpd/
mpd.conf
default:
    load adsl

adsl:
    new -i ng0 adsl adsl
    set bundle authname username 
    set bundle password password 
    set bundle disable multilink

    set link no pap acfcomp protocomp
    set link disable chap
    set link accept chap
    set link keep-alive 30 10

    set ipcp no vjcomp
    set ipcp ranges 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0

    set iface route default
    set iface disable on-demand
    set iface enable proxy-arp
    set iface idle 0

    open

mpd.links
mpd.links
adsl:
    set link type pptp
    set pptp mode active
    set pptp enable originate outcall
    set pptp self 10.0.0.1 
    set pptp peer 10.0.0.138 

10.0.0.138
root
# mpd -b adsl

% ifconfig ng0
ng0: flags=88d1<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
     inet 216.136.204.117 --> 204.152.186.171 netmask 0xffffffff

net/pptpclient
net/pptpclient
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
root
ppp.conf
ppp.conf
adsl:
 set log phase chat lcp ipcp ccp tun command
 set timeout 0
 enable dns
 set authname username 
 set authkey password 
 set ifaddr 0 0
 add default HISADDR

ppp.conf
root
# chown root:wheel /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
# chmod 600 /etc/ppp/ppp.conf

10.0.0.138
# pptp address adsl

tun
% ifconfig tun0
tun0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet 216.136.204.21 --> 204.152.186.171 netmask 0xffffff00
        Opened by PID 918

pptp
/var/log/ppp.log
/dev/modem
/dev/cuaaN
/etc
.kermrc
/dev/cuaa0
COM1
cuaa1
COM2
pseudo-device   sl      1

device   sl

GENERIC
/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1         localhost loghost
136.152.64.181          water.CS.Example.EDU water.CS water
136.152.64.1            inr-3.CS.Example.EDU inr-3 slip-gateway
128.32.136.9            ns1.Example.EDU ns1
128.32.136.12           ns2.Example.EDU ns2

/etc/host.conf
/etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/rc.conf
hostname="myname.my.domain"

sl0
network_interfaces="lo0"

network_interfaces="lo0 sl0"

sl0
ifconfig_sl0="inet ${hostname} slip-gateway netmask 0xffffff00 up"

defaultrouter="NO"

defaultrouter="slip-gateway"

/etc/resolv.conf
domain CS.Example.EDU
nameserver 128.32.136.9
nameserver 128.32.136.12

slip
# kermit setup
set modem hayes
set line /dev/modem
set speed 115200
set parity none
set flow rts/cts
set terminal bytesize 8
set file type binary
# The next macro will dial up and login
define slip dial 643-9600, input 10 =>, if failure stop, -
output slip\x0d, input 10 Username:, if failure stop, -
output silvia\x0d, input 10 Password:, if failure stop, -
output ***\x0d, echo \x0aCONNECTED\x0a

slip
root
# slattach -h -c -s 115200 /dev/modem

ping
slattach
# kill -INT `cat /var/run/slattach.modem.pid`

slattach
root
fg
q
slattach
ifconfig sl0 down
ifconfig sl0
slattach
ifconfig sl0
# ifconfig sl0
sl0: flags=10<POINTOPOINT>
        inet 136.152.64.181 --> 136.152.64.1 netmask ffffff00

no route to host
netstat -r
# netstat -r
Routing tables
Destination      Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use  IfaceMTU    Rtt    Netmasks:

(root node)
(root node)

Route Tree for Protocol Family inet:
(root node) =>
default          inr-3.Example.EDU  UG          8   224515  sl0 -      -
localhost.Exampl localhost.Example. UH          5    42127  lo0 -       0.438
inr-3.Example.ED water.CS.Example.E UH          1        0  sl0 -      -
water.CS.Example localhost.Example. UGH        34 47641234  lo0 -       0.438
(root node)

clocal
/usr/sbin/sliplogin
sliplogin
/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts
/etc/sliphome/slip.login
Shelmerg
/etc/master.passwd
Shelmerg:password:1964:89::0:0:Guy Helmer - SLIP:/usr/users/Shelmerg:/usr/sbin/sliplogin

Shelmerg
sliplogin
/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts
Shelmerg   dc-slip sl-helmer       0xfffffc00        autocomp

sliplogin
/etc/sliphome/slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.login 0 19200 Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp

/etc/sliphome/slip.login
ifconfig
sliplogin
slip.login
dc-slip
sl-helmer
0xfffffc00
autocomp
sliplogin
daemon
/var/log/messages
/etc/syslog.conf
syslogd
sl0
sl1
netstat -i
netstat -i
Name  Mtu   Network     Address            Ipkts Ierrs    Opkts Oerrs  Coll
ed0   1500  <Link>0.0.c0.2c.5f.4a         291311     0   174209     0   133
ed0   1500  138.247.224 ivory             291311     0   174209     0   133
lo0   65535 <Link>                            79     0       79     0     0
lo0   65535 loop        localhost             79     0       79     0     0
sl0*  296   <Link>                             0     0        0     0     0
sl1*  296   <Link>                             0     0        0     0     0

netstat -i
sl0
sl1
*
/etc/rc.conf
gateway_enable
/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
pseudo-device sl 2

/etc/sliphome
/usr/sbin/sliplogin
sliplogin
slip.hosts
slip.login
slip.logout
slip.login
slip.hosts
/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts
/etc/hosts
/etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/host.conf
/etc/networks
/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts
#
# login local-addr      remote-addr     mask            opt1    opt2
#                                               (normal,compress,noicmp)
#
Shelmerg  dc-slip       sl-helmerg      0xfffffc00      autocomp

/etc/sliphome/slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.login
#!/bin/sh -
#
#       @(#)slip.login  5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90

#
# generic login file for a slip line.  sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
#      1        2         3        4          5         6     7-n
#   slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6

slip.login
ifconfig
/etc/sliphome/slip.login
#!/bin/sh -
#
#       @(#)slip.login  5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90

#
# generic login file for a slip line.  sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
#      1        2         3        4          5         6     7-n
#   slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6
# Answer ARP requests for the SLIP client with our Ethernet addr
/usr/sbin/arp -s $5 00:11:22:33:44:55 pub

slip.login
arp -s $5 00:11:22:33:44:55 pub
00:11:22:33:44:55
netstat -i
ed0   1500  <Link>0.2.c1.28.5f.4a         191923 0   129457     0   116

00:02:c1:28:5f:4a
netstat -i
/etc/sliphome/slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
chmod 755 /etc/sliphome/slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
sliplogin
slip.logout
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
#!/bin/sh -
#
#       slip.logout

#
# logout file for a slip line.  sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
#      1        2         3        4          5         6     7-n
#   slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down

/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
#!/bin/sh -
#
#       @(#)slip.logout

#
# logout file for a slip line.  sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
#      1        2         3        4          5         6     7-n
#   slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down
# Quit answering ARP requests for the SLIP client
/usr/sbin/arp -d $5

arp -d $5
slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
chmod 755
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
/etc/gated.conf
#
# gated configuration file for dc.dsu.edu; for gated version 3.5alpha5
# Only broadcast RIP information for xxx.xxx.yy out the ed Ethernet interface
#
#
# tracing options
#
traceoptions "/var/tmp/gated.output" replace size 100k files 2 general ;

rip yes {
  interface sl noripout noripin ;
  interface ed ripin ripout version 1 ;
  traceoptions route ;
} ;

#
# Turn on a bunch of tracing info for the interface to the kernel:
kernel {
  traceoptions remnants request routes info interface ;
} ;

#
# Propagate the route to xxx.xxx.yy out the Ethernet interface via RIP
#

export proto rip interface ed {
  proto direct {
      xxx.xxx.yy mask 255.255.252.0 metric 1; # SLIP connections
  } ;
} ;

#
# Accept routes from RIP via ed Ethernet interfaces

import proto rip interface ed {
  all ;
} ;

xxx.xxx.yy
ed
ed
/var/tmp/gated.output
xxx.xxx.yy
proto direct
/etc/rc.conf
mbox
named
% host -t mx FreeBSD.org
FreeBSD.org mail is handled (pri=10) by mx1.FreeBSD.org

mbox
/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/mail/access
/etc/mail/aliases
/etc/mail/local-host-names
/etc/mail/mailer.conf
/etc/mail/mailertable
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
/etc/mail/virtusertable
/etc/mail/access
cyberspammer.com       550 We do not accept mail from spammers
FREE.STEALTH.MAILER@        550 We do not accept mail from spammers
another.source.of.spam          REJECT
okay.cyberspammer.com           OK
128.32                          RELAY

another.source.of.spam
okay.cyberspammer.com
cyberspammer.com
128.32
make
/etc/mail/
/etc/mail/aliases
/etc/mail/aliases
root: localuser
ftp-bugs: joe,eric,paul
bit.bucket:  /dev/null
procmail: "|/usr/local/bin/procmail"

root
localuser
localuser
ftp-bugs
joe
eric
paul
/dev/null
/usr/local/bin/procmail
make
/etc/mail/
/etc/mail/local-host-names
example.com
mail.example.com
local-host-names
example.com
mail.example.com

/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
sendmail.cf
/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README
/etc/mail/virtusertable
virtusertable
/etc/mail/aliases
root@example.com                root
postmaster@example.com          postmaster@noc.example.net
@example.com                    joe

example.com
root
postmaster
noc.example.net
example.com
example.com
joe
/usr/bin/sendmail
sendmail_enable="NO"

/etc/rc.conf
/etc/mail/mailer.conf
sendmail_enable="NONE"

/etc/rc.conf.
sendmail_enable="NO"

/etc/rc.conf
sendmail_enable="NO"
sendmail_submit_enable="NO"
sendmail_outbound_enable="NO"
sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO"

/etc/rc.conf.
sendmail_enable="NO"

/etc/rc.conf
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/
.sh
root
start
stop
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/supermailer.sh start

stop
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/supermailer.sh stop

mta_start_script="filename"

/etc/rc.conf
filename
/usr/bin/sendmail
/etc/mail/mailer.conf
sendmail    /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
send-mail   /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
mailq       /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
newaliases  /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
hoststat    /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
purgestat   /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail

sendmail
sendmail
mailer.conf
/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
sendmail
/usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
/etc/mail/mailer.conf
sendmail    /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
send-mail   /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
mailq       /usr/local/supermailer/bin/mailq-compat
newaliases  /usr/local/supermailer/bin/newaliases-compat
hoststat    /usr/local/supermailer/bin/hoststat-compat
purgestat   /usr/local/supermailer/bin/purgestat-compat

mail loops back to myself
Relaying Denied
foo.bar.edu
mumble
bar.edu
mumble.bar.edu
mumble
mumble
mumble.foo.bar.edu
mumble.bar.edu
mumble.edu
search foo.bar.edu bar.edu

domain foo.bar.edu

/etc/resolv.conf
mail loops
back to myself
Я получаю такие сообщения об ошибке:

553 MX list for domain.net points back to relay.domain.net
554 <user@domain.net>... Local configuration error

Как можно решить эту проблему?

Согласно записям MX, почта для домена domain.net перенаправляется на хост
relay.domain.net, однако последний не распознается как
domain.net.  Добавьте domain.net в файл
/etc/mail/local-host-names
[известный как /etc/sendmail.cw до версии 8.10]
(если вы используете
FETURE(use_cw_file)) или добавьте ''Cw domain.net'' в файл
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf.

example.com
example.net
example.com.          MX        10      example.com.
                      MX        20      example.net.

Cw example.com
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
example.com
sendmail
example.com
example.net
example.com
#!/bin/sh
# Put me in /usr/local/bin/pppmyisp
( sleep 60 ; /usr/sbin/sendmail -q ) &
/usr/sbin/ppp -direct pppmyisp

sendmail -qRexample.com
example.com
> Мы предоставляем вторичный MX для наших клиентов.  Вы соединяетесь
> с нашим сервером несколько раз в день, чтобы забрать почту для вашего
> первичного (главного) MX (мы не соединяемся с ним каждый раз, когда
> приходит новая почта для его доменов).  Далее, sendmail отправляет
> почту, находящуюся в очереди каждые 30 минут, и клиент должен быть
> подключен к Интернет в течении 30 минут, чтобы удостовериться, что
> вся почта ''ушла'' на основной MX-сервер.
>
> Может быть, есть какая-либо команда, которая заставит sendmail
> немедленно отправить все почту, находящуюся в очереди?  Естественно,
> пользователи не обладают какими-либо повышенными привилегиями на
> нашем сервере.

В разделе ''privacy flags'' файла
sendmail.cf, определяется опция
Opgoaway,restrictqrun

Уберите restrictqrun, чтобы разрешить рядовым
пользователям инициировать работу с очередью.  Вам также может понадобиться
изменить порядок MX-серверов.  Так, если вы предоставляете первый (основной)
MX-сервер для ваши пользователей, мы указываем:

# If we are the best MX for a host, try directly instead of generating
# local config error.
OwTrue

Таким образом, удаленный хост будет доставлять почту непосредственно к вам,
не пытаясь установить соединение с клиентом. Затем уже вы, в свою очередь,
отсылаете ее клиенту.  Удостоверьтесь, что в DNS есть записи про
''customer.com'' и ''hostname.customer.com''.  Просто
добавьте запись A в DNS для ''customer.com''.

Relaying Denied
5.7 Relaying Denied
/etc/mail/relay-domains
# echo "your.isp.example.com" > /etc/mail/relay-domains

your.isp.example.com
other.isp.example.net
users-isp.example.org
www.example.org

/etc/resolv.conf
FreeBSD.org
example.FreeBSD.org
# hostname
example.FreeBSD.org
# host example.FreeBSD.org
example.FreeBSD.org has address 204.216.27.XX

example.FreeBSD.org
# host example.FreeBSD.org
example.FreeBSD.org has address 204.216.27.XX
example.FreeBSD.org mail is handled (pri=10) by hub.FreeBSD.org

example.FreeBSD.org
hub
freefall.FreeBSD.org
freefall       MX  30  mail.crl.net
freefall        MX  40  agora.rdrop.com
freefall        MX  10  freefall.FreeBSD.org
freefall        MX  20  who.cdrom.com

freefall
*.FreeBSD.org
example.FreeBSD.org    A   204.216.27.XX       ; Рабочая станция
                MX  10 hub.FreeBSD.org  ; Почтовый шлюз

customer1.org
customer1.org
mail.myhost.com
customer1.org      MX  10  mail.myhost.com

customer1.org
/etc/mail/local-host-names
FEATURE(use_cw_file)
/etc/sendmail.cw
Cwyour.host.com
/etc/sendmail.cf
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf
# cd /cdrom/src
# cat scontrib.?? | tar xzf - -C /usr/src/contrib/sendmail

README
cf
mailertable
.mc
/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf
foo.mc
sendmail.cf
# cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf
# make foo.cf
# cp foo.cf /etc/mail/sendmail.cf

.mc
VERSIONID(`Your version number') OSTYPE(bsd4.4)

FEATURE(accept_unresolvable_domains)
FEATURE(nocanonify)
FEATURE(mailertable, `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable')

define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay)
define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000)
define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES')

MAILER(local)
MAILER(smtp)
MAILER(uucp)

Cw    your.alias.host.name
Cw    youruucpnodename.UUCP

accept_unresolvable_domains
nocanonify
confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES
UUCP_RELAY
/etc/mail/mailertable
#
# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db < /etc/mail/mailertable
.                             uucp-dom:your.uucp.relay

#
# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db < /etc/mail/mailertable
#
horus.interface-business.de   uucp-dom:horus
.interface-business.de        uucp-dom:if-bus
interface-business.de         uucp-dom:if-bus
.heep.sax.de                  smtp8:%1
horus.UUCP                    uucp-dom:horus
if-bus.UUCP                   uucp-dom:if-bus
.                             uucp-dom:

uucp-neighbor !recipient
uucp-dom:
uuname
mailertable
mailertable
3,0
% sendmail -bt
ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked)
Enter <ruleset> <address>
> 3,0 foo@example.com
canonify           input: foo @ example . com
...
parse            returns: $# uucp-dom $@ your.uucp.relay $: foo < @ example . com . >
> ^D

mail/ssmtp
root
# cd /usr/ports/mail/ssmtp
# make install replace clean

mail/ssmtp
/usr/local/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf
root=yourrealemail@example.com
mailhub=mail.example.com
rewriteDomain=example.com
hostname=_HOSTNAME_

root
mail.example.com
mail/ssmtp
/usr/local/etc/ssmtp
example.net
user
bsd.home
relay.example.net
mail/fetchmail
/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
MYADDR:
!bg su user -c fetchmail

/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
fetchmail
  !bg su user -c "sendmail -q"

user
bsd.home
user
bsd.home
.fetchmailrc
poll example.net protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret

user
MySecret
from:
relay.example.net
.mc
VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')
OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
FEATURE(nouucp)dnl
MAILER(local)dnl
MAILER(smtp)dnl
Cwlocalhost
Cwbsd.home
MASQUERADE_AS(`example.net')dnl
FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl
FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl
FEATURE(nodns)dnl
define(`SMART_HOST', `relay.example.net')
Dmbsd.home
define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl
define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl

.mc
sendmail.cf
sendmail.cf
security/cyrus-sasl
security/cyrus-sasl
security/cyrus-sasl
security/cyrus-sasl
/usr/local/lib/sasl/Sendmail.conf
pwcheck_method: passwd

passwd
/etc/make.conf
SENDMAIL_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include/sasl1 -DSASL
SENDMAIL_LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/lib
SENDMAIL_LDADD=-lsasl

cyrus-sasl
cyrus-sasl
# cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail
# make cleandir
# make obj
# make
# make install

/usr/src
/etc/mail/freebsd.mc
.mc
dnl set SASL options
TRUST_AUTH_MECH(`GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN')dnl
define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN')dnl
define(`confDEF_AUTH_INFO', `/etc/mail/auth-info')dnl

/etc/mail
.mc
.cf
freebsd.cf
.mc
make install restart
sendmail.cf
/etc/mail/Makefile
/var/log/maillog
/etc/rc.conf
cyrus_pwcheck_enable="YES"

mail
mail
mbox
mail
% mail

/var/mail
mail
Mail version 8.1 6/6/93.  Type ? for help.
"/var/mail/marcs": 3 messages 3 new
>N  1 root@localhost        Mon Mar  8 14:05  14/510   "test"
 N  2 root@localhost        Mon Mar  8 14:05  14/509   "user account"
 N  3 root@localhost        Mon Mar  8 14:05  14/509   "sample"

& t 1
Message 1:
From root@localhost  Mon Mar  8 14:05:52 2004
X-Original-To: marcs@localhost
Delivered-To: marcs@localhost
To: marcs@localhost
Subject: test
Date: Mon,  8 Mar 2004 14:05:52 +0200 (SAST)
From: root@localhost (Charlie Root)

This is a test message, please reply if you receive it.

mail
mail
& R 1
To: root@localhost
Subject: Re: test

Thank you, I did get your email.
.
EOT

& mail root@localhost
Subject: I mastered mail

Now I can send and receive email using mail ... :)
.
EOT

mail
mail
mail
converters/mpack
mail/mutt
% mutt

/var/mail
.muttrc
vi
mail/pine4
% pine

inbox
mail/fetchmail
.fetchmailrc
% chmod 600 .fetchmailrc

.fetchmailrc
example.com
joesoap
XXX
joesoap
poll example.com protocol pop3 username "joesoap" password "XXX"

poll example.com proto pop3:
user "joesoap", with password "XXX", is "jsoap" here;
user "andrea", with password "XXXX";
poll example2.net proto imap:
user "john", with password "XXXXX", is "myth" here;

.fetchmailrc
% fetchmail -d 600

mail/procmail
.forward
"|exec /usr/local/bin/procmail || exit 75"

.procmailrc
:0
* ^From.*user@example.com
! goodmail@example2.com

:0
* < 1000
! goodmail@example2.com

alternate
:0
* ^TOalternate@example.com
alternate

/dev/null
:0
^Subject:.*Spam
/dev/null

FreeBSD.org
:0
* ^Sender:.owner-freebsd-\/[^@]+@FreeBSD.ORG
{
    LISTNAME=${MATCH}
    :0
    * LISTNAME??^\/[^@]+
    FreeBSD-${MATCH}
}

/etc/rc
/etc/inetd.conf
inetd_enable
NO
inetd_enable="YES"

inetd_enable="NO"

/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc.d/inetd rcvar

inetd_flags
inetd
inetd_flags
/etc/rc.conf
inetd_flags
-wW -C 60
inetd.conf
/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/inetd.conf
# /etc/rc.d/inetd reload

/etc/inetd.conf
service-name
socket-type
protocol
{wait|nowait}[/max-child[/max-connections-per-ip-per-minute[/max-child-per-ip]]]
user[:group][/login-class]
server-program
server-program-arguments

ftp     stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/libexec/ftpd       ftpd -l

/etc/services
/etc/services
stream
dgram
raw
seqpacket
stream
dgram
/10
/0
nowait
nowait/10
nowait/10/20
finger stream  tcp     nowait/3/10 nobody /usr/libexec/fingerd fingerd -s

nowait/100/0/5
root
daemon
nobody
argv[0]
mydaemon -d
mydaemon -d
/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf
rpcbind_enable="YES"
nfs_server_enable="YES"
nfs_server_flags="-u -t -n 4"
mountd_flags="-r"

/etc/rc.conf
nfs_client_enable="YES"

/etc/exports
/etc/exports
/etc/exports
/cdrom
/etc/hosts
/cdrom -ro host1 host2 host3

/home
/etc/hosts
/home  -alldirs  10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.4

/a
root
root
-maproot=root
root
/a  -maproot=root  host.example.com box.example.org

/etc/exports
/etc/exports
/usr
/etc/exports
# Invalid when /usr is one file system
/usr/src   client
/usr/ports client

/usr
client
/usr/src /usr/ports  client

/usr
/exports
# Экспортируем src и ports для client01 и client02, но
# только client01 имеет права пользователя root на них
/usr/src /usr/ports -maproot=root    client01
/usr/src /usr/ports        client02
# Клиентские машины имеют пользователя root и могут монтировать всё в
# каталоге /exports.  Кто угодно может монтировать /exports/obj в режиме чтения
/exports -alldirs -maproot=root      client01 client02
/exports/obj -ro

/etc/exports
mountd
# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid`

root
# rpcbind
# nfsd -u -t -n 4
# mountd -r

# nfsiod -n 4

server
client
root
# mount server:/home /mnt

/home
/mnt
/mnt
/etc/fstab
server:/home     /mnt    nfs     rw      0   0

/usr/ports/distfiles
/etc/fstab
/host
/net
/net
/host
/host/foobar/usr
/usr
foobar
showmount
foobar
% showmount -e foobar
Exports list on foobar:
/usr                   10.10.10.0
/a               10.10.10.0
% cd /host/foobar/usr

showmount
/usr
/host/foobar/usr
foobar
/etc/rc.conf
amd_enable="YES"

amd_flags="-a /.amd_mnt -l syslog /host /etc/amd.map /net /etc/amd.map"

/etc/amd.map
/etc/amd.conf
fstab
fastws
freebox
/sharedfs
/project
freebox
/etc/fstab
freebox
fastws:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-r=1024 0 0

freebox
# mount -t nfs -o -r=1024 fastws:/sharedfs /project

/etc/fstab
fastws
freebox:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-w=1024 0 0

fastws
# mount -t nfs -o -w=1024 freebox:/sharedfs /project

ypserv
rpc.yppasswdd
master.passwd
group
hosts
passwd
group
/etc/passwd
/etc/master.passwd
adduser
ellington
10.0.0.2
coltrane
10.0.0.3
basie
10.0.0.4
bird
10.0.0.5
cli[1-11]
10.0.0.[6-17]
test-domain
/var/yp/[domainname]
[domainname]
ypserv
ypserv
/etc/rc.conf
nisdomainname="test-domain"

test-domain
nis_server_enable="YES"

nis_yppasswdd_enable="YES"

rpc.yppasswdd
/etc/netstart
/etc/rc.conf
/var/yp
/etc
/etc/master.passwd
root
# cp /etc/master.passwd /var/yp/master.passwd
# cd /var/yp
# vi master.passwd

bin
tty
kmem
games
root
/var/yp/master.passwd
chmod
ypinit
ypsetup
ypinit
ellington# ypinit -m test-domain
Server Type: MASTER Domain: test-domain
Creating an YP server will require that you answer a few questions.
Questions will all be asked at the beginning of the procedure.
Do you want this procedure to quit on non-fatal errors? [y/n: n] n
Ok, please remember to go back and redo manually whatever fails.
If you don't, something might not work.
At this point, we have to construct a list of this domains YP servers.
rod.darktech.org is already known as master server.
Please continue to add any slave servers, one per line. When you are
done with the list, type a <control D>.
master server   :  ellington
next host to add:  coltrane
next host to add:  ^D
The current list of NIS servers looks like this:
ellington
coltrane
Is this correct?  [y/n: y] y

[..вывод при генерации карт..]

NIS Map update completed.
ellington has been setup as an YP master server without any errors.

ypinit
/var/yp/Makefile
/var/yp/Makefile.dist
test-domain
/var/yp/Makefile
ellington# vi /var/yp/Makefile

NOPUSH = "True"

/etc/rc.conf
ypinit
coltrane# ypinit -s ellington test-domain

Server Type: SLAVE Domain: test-domain Master: ellington

Creating an YP server will require that you answer a few questions.
Questions will all be asked at the beginning of the procedure.

Do you want this procedure to quit on non-fatal errors? [y/n: n]  n

Ok, please remember to go back and redo manually whatever fails.
If you don't, something might not work.
There will be no further questions. The remainder of the procedure
should take a few minutes, to copy the databases from ellington.
Transferring netgroup...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring netgroup.byuser...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring netgroup.byhost...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring master.passwd.byuid...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring passwd.byuid...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring passwd.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring group.bygid...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring group.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring services.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring rpc.bynumber...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring rpc.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring protocols.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring master.passwd.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring networks.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring networks.byaddr...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring netid.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring hosts.byaddr...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring protocols.bynumber...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring ypservers...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring hosts.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred

coltrane has been setup as an YP slave server without any errors.
Don't forget to update map ypservers on ellington.

/var/yp/test-domain
/etc/crontab
20 *   *   *   *   root   /usr/libexec/ypxfr passwd.byname
21  *   *   *   *   root   /usr/libexec/ypxfr passwd.byuid

/etc/netstart
ypbind
ypbind
domainname
ypbind
ypbind
ypbind
ypbind
ypbind
/etc/rc.conf
ypbind
nisdomainname="test-domain"
nis_client_enable="YES"

/etc/master.passwd
vipw
+:::::::::

Managing NFS and NIS
/etc/master.passwd
wheel
/etc/group
+:*::

ypcat passwd
/var/yp/securenets
# allow connections from local host -- mandatory
127.0.0.1     255.255.255.255
# allow connections from any host
# on the 192.168.128.0 network
192.168.128.0 255.255.255.0
# allow connections from any host
# between 10.0.0.0 to 10.0.15.255
# this includes the machines in the testlab
10.0.0.0      255.255.240.0

/var/yp/securenets
ypserv
ypserv
/var/yp/securenets
/var/yp/securenets
/var/yp/securenets
/var/yp/securenets
basie
passwd
-username
/etc/master.passwd
username
vipw
vipw
/etc/master.passwd
bill
basie
basie# vipw
[add -bill to the end, exit]
vipw: rebuilding the database...
vipw: done

basie# cat /etc/master.passwd

root:[password]:0:0::0:0:The super-user:/root:/bin/csh
toor:[password]:0:0::0:0:The other super-user:/root:/bin/sh
daemon:*:1:1::0:0:Owner of many system processes:/root:/sbin/nologin
operator:*:2:5::0:0:System &:/:/sbin/nologin
bin:*:3:7::0:0:Binaries Commands and Source,,,:/:/sbin/nologin
tty:*:4:65533::0:0:Tty Sandbox:/:/sbin/nologin
kmem:*:5:65533::0:0:KMem Sandbox:/:/sbin/nologin
games:*:7:13::0:0:Games pseudo-user:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
news:*:8:8::0:0:News Subsystem:/:/sbin/nologin
man:*:9:9::0:0:Mister Man Pages:/usr/share/man:/sbin/nologin
bind:*:53:53::0:0:Bind Sandbox:/:/sbin/nologin
uucp:*:66:66::0:0:UUCP pseudo-user:/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/libexec/uucp/uucico
xten:*:67:67::0:0:X-10 daemon:/usr/local/xten:/sbin/nologin
pop:*:68:6::0:0:Post Office Owner:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
nobody:*:65534:65534::0:0:Unprivileged user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
+:::::::::
-bill

basie#

alpha
beta
charlie
delta
echo
foxtrott
golf
able
baker
war
death
famine
pollution
pride
greed
envy
wrath
lust
sloth
one
two
three
four
trashcan
passwd
-user
ellington# vi /var/yp/netgroup

IT_EMP (,alpha,test-domain)    (,beta,test-domain)
IT_APP  (,charlie,test-domain)  (,delta,test-domain)
USERS   (,echo,test-domain) (,foxtrott,test-domain) \
    (,golf,test-domain)
INTERNS (,able,test-domain) (,baker,test-domain)

IT_EMP
IT_APP
BIGGRP1  (,joe1,domain)  (,joe2,domain)  (,joe3,domain) [...]
BIGGRP2  (,joe16,domain)  (,joe17,domain) [...]
BIGGRP3  (,joe31,domain)  (,joe32,domain)
BIGGROUP  BIGGRP1 BIGGRP2 BIGGRP3

ellington# cd /var/yp
ellington# make

netgroup
netgroup.byhost
netgroup.byuser
ellington% ypcat -k netgroup
ellington% ypcat -k netgroup.byhost
ellington% ypcat -k netgroup.byuser

/var/yp/netgroup
war
+:::::::::

+@IT_EMP:::::::::

IT_EMP
war
~
cd ~user
ls -l
find . -user joe -print
No such user
/etc/master.passwd
+:::::::::/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/etc/master.passwd
+:::::::::/sbin/nologin
+@IT_EMP:::::::::
/sbin/nologin
+:::::::::
/etc/master.passwd
+@IT_EMP:::::::::
+@IT_APP:::::::::
+:::::::::/sbin/nologin

+@IT_EMP:::::::::
+@USERS:::::::::
+:::::::::/sbin/nologin

IT_INTERN
BIGSRV
SMALLSRV
USERBOX
BIGSRV   IT_EMP  IT_APP
SMALLSRV  IT_EMP  IT_APP  ITINTERN
USERBOX   IT_EMP  ITINTERN USERS

/etc/master.passwd
/sbin/nologin
+@BOXNAME:::::::::
+:::::::::/sbin/nologin

/etc/master.passwd
# Сначала определяем группы пользователей
IT_EMP    (,alpha,test-domain)    (,beta,test-domain)
IT_APP    (,charlie,test-domain)  (,delta,test-domain)
DEPT1     (,echo,test-domain)     (,foxtrott,test-domain)
DEPT2     (,golf,test-domain)     (,hotel,test-domain)
DEPT3     (,india,test-domain)    (,juliet,test-domain)
ITINTERN  (,kilo,test-domain)     (,lima,test-domain)
D_INTERNS (,able,test-domain)     (,baker,test-domain)
#
# Теперь задаем несколько групп на основе ролей
USERS     DEPT1   DEPT2     DEPT3
BIGSRV    IT_EMP  IT_APP
SMALLSRV  IT_EMP  IT_APP    ITINTERN
USERBOX   IT_EMP  ITINTERN  USERS
#
# И группы для специальных задач
# Открыть пользователям echo и golf доступ к антивирусной машине
SECURITY  IT_EMP  (,echo,test-domain)  (,golf,test-domain)
#
# Сетевые группы, специфичные для машин
# Наши главные серверы
WAR   BIGSRV
FAMINE    BIGSRV
# Пользователю india необходим доступ к этому серверу
POLLUTION  BIGSRV  (,india,test-domain)
#
# Этот очень важен и ему требуются большие ограничения доступа
DEATH     IT_EMP
#
# Антивирусная машина, упомянутая выше
ONE   SECURITY
#
# Ограничить машину единственным пользователем
TWO   (,hotel,test-domain)
# [...далее следуют другие группы]

jsmith
# pw useradd jsmith
# cd /var/yp
# make test-domain

pw useradd jsmith
adduser jsmith
ypbind
/etc/rc.conf
nis_client_enable="YES"   # run client stuff as well
nis_client_flags="-S NIS domain,server"

/etc/login.conf
default
default:\
    :passwd_format=des:\
    :copyright=/etc/COPYRIGHT:\
    [Последующие строки опущены]

passwd_format
blf
md5
/etc/login.conf
root
# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf

/etc/master.passwd
crypt_default
/etc/auth.conf
crypt_default  =   des blf md5

dhclient
dhclient
dhclient
net/isc-dhcp3-server
dhclient
dhclient
dhclient
dhclient
bpf
device bpf
pseudo-device bpf
bpf
GENERIC
bpf
root
bpf
bpf
/etc/rc.conf
ifconfig_fxp0="DHCP"

fxp0
dhclient
dhclient
dhcp_program="/sbin/dhclient"
dhcp_flags=""

net/isc-dhcp3-server
/etc/dhclient.conf
dhclient
/etc/dhclient.conf
/sbin/dhclient
dhclient
/sbin
dhclient
/sbin/dhclient-script
dhclient-script
/var/db/dhclient.leases
net/isc-dhcp3-relay
device bpf
pseudo-device bpf
bpf
GENERIC
bpf
bpf
bpf
dhcpd.conf
net/isc-dhcp3-server
/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf.sample
/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf
dhcpd.conf
option domain-name "example.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.4.100;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

default-lease-time 3600;
max-lease-time 86400;
ddns-update-style none;

subnet 192.168.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.4.129 192.168.4.254;
  option routers 192.168.4.1;
}

host mailhost {
  hardware ethernet 02:03:04:05:06:07;
  fixed-address mailhost.example.com;
}

max-lease-time
dhcpd.conf
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/isc-dhcpd.sh start

SIGHUP
SIGTERM
/usr/local/sbin/dhcpd
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf
/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf
/var/db/dhcpd.leases
/usr/local/sbin/dhcrelay
net/isc-dhcp3-server
www.FreeBSD.org
ftp.FreeBSD.org
net/bind9
.
org.
example.org.
org.
foo.example.org.
example.org.
1.2.3.in-addr.arpa
3.2.1.*
example.org.
org.
org.
/dev
example.org
www.FreeBSD.org
ndc
/etc/namedb
/etc/namedb/named.conf
/etc/namedb
/etc/rc.conf
named_enable="YES"

# ndc start

make-localhost
# cd /etc/namedb
# sh make-localhost

/etc/namedb/master/localhost.rev
/etc/namedb/named.conf
// $FreeBSD$
//
// Refer to the named(8) manual page for details.  If you are ever going
// to setup a primary server, make sure you've understood the hairy
// details of how DNS is working.  Even with simple mistakes, you can
// break connectivity for affected parties, or cause huge amount of
// useless Internet traffic.

options {
    directory "/etc/namedb";

// In addition to the "forwarders" clause, you can force your name
// server to never initiate queries of its own, but always ask its
// forwarders only, by enabling the following line:
//
//      forward only;

// If you've got a DNS server around at your upstream provider, enter
// its IP address here, and enable the line below.  This will make you
// benefit from its cache, thus reduce overall DNS traffic in the
Internet.
/*
    forwarders {
        127.0.0.1;
    };
*/

forwarders
127.0.0.1
/*
     * If there is a firewall between you and name servers you want
     * to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source
     * directive below.  Previous versions of BIND always asked
     * questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged
     * port by default.
     */
    // query-source address * port 53;

    /*
     * If running in a sandbox, you may have to specify a different
     * location for the dumpfile.
     */
    // dump-file "s/named_dump.db";
};

// Note: the following will be supported in a future release.
/*
host { any; } {
    topology {
        127.0.0.0/8;
    };
};
*/

// Setting up secondaries is way easier and the rough picture for this
// is explained below.
//
// If you enable a local name server, don't forget to enter 127.0.0.1
// into your /etc/resolv.conf so this server will be queried first.
// Also, make sure to enable it in /etc/rc.conf.

zone "." {
    type hint;
    file "named.root";
};

zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
    type master;
    file "localhost.rev";
};

// NB: Do not use the IP addresses below, they are faked, and only
// serve demonstration/documentation purposes!
//
// Example secondary config entries.  It can be convenient to become
// a secondary at least for the zone where your own domain is in.  Ask
// your network administrator for the IP address of the responsible
// primary.
//
// Never forget to include the reverse lookup (IN-ADDR.ARPA) zone!
// (This is the first bytes of the respective IP address, in reverse
// order, with ".IN-ADDR.ARPA" appended.)
//
// Before starting to setup a primary zone, better make sure you fully
// understand how DNS and BIND works, however.  There are sometimes
// unobvious pitfalls.  Setting up a secondary is comparably simpler.
//
// NB: Don't blindly enable the examples below. :-)  Use actual names
// and addresses instead.
//
// NOTE!!! FreeBSD runs BIND in a sandbox (see named_flags in rc.conf).
// The directory containing the secondary zones must be write accessible
// to BIND.  The following sequence is suggested:
//
//      mkdir /etc/namedb/s
//      chown bind:bind /etc/namedb/s
//      chmod 750 /etc/namedb/s

/*
zone "example.com" {
    type slave;
    file "s/example.com.bak";
    masters {
        192.168.1.1;
    };
};

zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
    type slave;
    file "s/0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.bak";
    masters {
        192.168.1.1;
    };
};
*/

named.conf
named.conf
example.org
zone "example.org" {
    type master;
    file "example.org";
};

/etc/namedb/example.org
zone "example.org" {
    type slave;
    file "example.org";
};

example.org
/etc/namedb/example.org
$TTL 3600

example.org. IN SOA ns1.example.org. admin.example.org. (
            5          ; Serial
            10800      ; Refresh
            3600        ; Retry
            604800    ; Expire
            86400 )  ; Minimum TTL

; DNS Servers
@       IN NS      ns1.example.org.
@       IN NS      ns2.example.org.

; Machine Names
localhost       IN A    127.0.0.1
ns1      IN A    3.2.1.2
ns2      IN A    3.2.1.3
mail        IN A    3.2.1.10
@          IN A    3.2.1.30

; Aliases
www      IN CNAME   @

; MX Record
@          IN MX   10      mail.example.org.

www
www.origin
example.org.
www
www.example.org.
recordname      IN recordtype  value

example.org. IN SOA ns1.example.org. admin.example.org. (
            5          ; Serial
            10800      ; Refresh after 3 hours
            3600        ; Retry after 1 hour
            604800    ; Expire after 1 week
            86400 )  ; Minimum TTL of 1 day

example.org.
ns1.example.org.
admin.example.org.
admin.example.org
5
ггггммддвв
2001041002
02
@       IN NS     ns1.example.org.

@
example.org.
@
localhost       IN A    127.0.0.1
ns1      IN A    3.2.1.2
ns2      IN A    3.2.1.3
mail        IN A    3.2.1.10
@          IN A    3.2.1.30

ns1.example.org
3.2.1.2
@
example.org
3.2.1.30
www         IN CNAME   @

www
example.org
3.2.1.30
@         IN MX   10      mail.example.org.

mail.example.org
example.org
$TTL 3600

1.2.3.in-addr.arpa. IN SOA ns1.example.org. admin.example.org. (
            5          ; Serial
            10800      ; Refresh
            3600        ; Retry
            604800    ; Expire
            3600 )    ; Minimum

@       IN NS   ns1.example.org.
@       IN NS   ns2.example.org.

2       IN PTR  ns1.example.org.
3       IN PTR  ns2.example.org.
10      IN PTR  mail.example.org.
30      IN PTR  example.org.

bind
chroot
/etc/namedb
root
# cd /etc/namedb
# mkdir -p bin dev etc var/tmp var/run master slave
# chown bind:bind slave var/*

# cp /etc/localtime etc
# mv named.conf etc && ln -sf etc/named.conf
# mv named.root master
# sh make-localhost
# cat > master/named.localhost
$ORIGIN localhost.
$TTL 6h
@   IN  SOA localhost. postmaster.localhost. (
            1   ; serial
            3600    ; refresh
            1800    ; retry
            604800  ; expiration
            3600 )  ; minimum
    IN  NS  localhost.
    IN  A       127.0.0.1
^D

# cd /usr/src/lib/libisc
# make cleandir && make cleandir && make depend && make all
# cd /usr/src/lib/libbind
# make cleandir && make cleandir && make depend && make all
# cd /usr/src/libexec/named-xfer
# make cleandir && make cleandir && make depend && make NOSHARED=yes all
# cp named-xfer /etc/namedb/bin && chmod 555 /etc/namedb/bin/named-xfer

named-xfer
# cd /usr/src/lib/libisc
# make cleandir
# cd /usr/src/lib/libbind
# make cleandir
# cd /usr/src/libexec/named-xfer
# make cleandir

# cd /usr/src && make cleandir && make cleandir

/usr/obj
# rm -fr /usr/obj && mkdir /usr/obj

named-xfer
/usr/libexec
dev/null
# cd /etc/namedb/dev && mknod null c 2 2
# chmod 666 null

/var/run/ndc
/etc/namedb/var/run/ndc
# ln -sf /etc/namedb/var/run/ndc /var/run/ndc

/var/run
root
log
-l
/etc/namedb/dev/log
/etc/rc.conf
chroot
/etc/rc.conf
named_enable="YES"
named_flags="-u bind -g bind -t /etc/namedb /etc/named.conf"

/etc/named.conf
/etc/namedb/etc/named.conf
/etc/namedb/etc/named.conf
options {
    directory "/";
    named-xfer "/bin/named-xfer";
    version "";     // Не выдавайте версию BIND
    query-source address * port 53;
};
// управляющий сокет ndc
controls {
    unix "/var/run/ndc" perm 0600 owner 0 group 0;
};
// Далее следуют зоны:
zone "localhost" IN {
    type master;
    file "master/named.localhost";
    allow-transfer { localhost; };
    notify no;
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
    type master;
    file "master/localhost.rev";
    allow-transfer { localhost; };
    notify no;
};
zone "." IN {
    type hint;
    file "master/named.root";
};
zone "private.example.net" in {
    type master;
    file "master/private.example.net.db";
    allow-transfer { 192.168.10.0/24; };
};
zone "10.168.192.in-addr.arpa" in {
    type slave;
    masters { 192.168.10.2; };
    file "slave/192.168.10.db";
};

directory
/
/etc/namedb
named-xfer
named-xfer
/usr/libexec
directory
directory
slave
bind
/var/named/etc/namedb/
/var/named/etc/namedb/
# sh make-localhost

master
localhost.rev
localhost-v6.rev
named.conf
master/localhost.rev
slave
named.conf
example.com
zone "example.com" {
    type slave;
    file "slave/example.com";
    masters {
        10.0.0.1;
    };
};

zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
    type slave;
    file "slave/0.168.192.in-addr.arpa";
    masters {
        10.0.0.1;
    };
};

rc.conf
named_enable="YES"

rc.conf
# /etc/rc.d/named start

acl "example.com" {
    192.168.0.0/24;
};

zone "example.com" {
    type slave;
    file "slave/example.com";
    masters {
        10.0.0.1;
    };
    allow-query { example.com; };
};

zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
    type slave;
    file "slave/0.168.192.in-addr.arpa";
    masters {
        10.0.0.1;
    };
    allow-query { example.com; };
};

options
named.conf
options {
        directory       "/etc/namedb";
        pid-file        "/var/run/named/pid";
        dump-file       "/var/dump/named_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/stats/named.stats";
        version         "None of your business";
};

www/apache13
www/apache20
/usr/local/etc/apache/httpd.conf
#
ServerRoot "/usr/local"
bin
sbin
etc/apache
ServerAdmin you@your.address
ServerName www.example.com
ServerName
www
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/www/data"
DocumentRoot
# /usr/local/sbin/apachectl start

# /usr/local/sbin/apachectl stop

# /usr/local/sbin/apachectl restart

# /usr/local/sbin/apachectl graceful

/etc/rc.conf
apache_enable="YES"

httpd
rc.conf
apache_flags=""

http://localhost/
/usr/local/www/data/index.html
httpd.conf
NameVirtualHost *

www.domain.tld
www.someotherdomain.tld
httpd.conf
<VirtualHost *>
ServerName www.domain.tld
DocumentRoot /www/domain.tld
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *>
ServerName www.someotherdomain.tld
DocumentRoot /www/someotherdomain.tld
</VirtualHost>

www/apache13-modssl
www/apache20
www/mod_perl
www/apache13-modperl
www/mod_perl2
www/mod_php5
/usr/local/etc/apache/httpd.conf
LoadModule php5_module        libexec/apache/libphp5.so

AddModule mod_php5.c
    <IfModule mod_php5.c>
        DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
    </IfModule>
    <IfModule mod_php5.c>
        AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
        AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
    </IfModule>

apachectl
# apachectl graceful

lang/php5-extensions
databases/php5-mysql
# apachectl graceful

net/samba3
/usr/local/etc/smb.conf.default
/usr/local/etc/smb.conf
smb.conf
smb.conf
/etc/inetd.conf
swat   stream  tcp     nowait/400      root    /usr/local/sbin/swat

inetd.conf
root
[global]
/usr/local/etc/smb.conf
/usr/local/etc/smb.conf
workgroup
netbios name
server string
net
view
/usr/local/etc/smb.conf
security
security =
share
security = user
passdb backend
smbpasswd
smbpasswd
/usr/local/private/smbpasswd
# grep -v "^#" /etc/passwd | make_smbpasswd > /usr/local/private/smbpasswd
# chmod 600 /usr/local/private/smbpasswd

/etc/rc.conf
samba_enable="YES"

# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/samba.sh start
Starting SAMBA: removing stale tdbs :
Starting nmbd.
Starting smbd.

samba.sh
smb.conf
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/samba.sh stop

/etc/ftpusers
/etc/ftpchroot
ftp
ftp
anonymous
ftp
/etc/ftpwelcome
/etc/ftpmotd
~ftp/etc/ftpmotd
/etc/inetd.conf
ftp    stream  tcp nowait  root    /usr/libexec/ftpd   ftpd -l

% ftp localhost

/var/log/xferlog
/etc/syslog.conf
ftp.info      /var/log/xferlog

ntpdate_enable="YES"
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/ntp.conf
server ntplocal.example.com prefer
server timeserver.example.org
server ntp2a.example.net

driftfile /var/db/ntp.drift

server
prefer
ntplocal.example.com
prefer
driftfile
driftfile
restrict
/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/ntp.conf
restrict default ignore

restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap

192.168.1.0
255.255.255.0
/etc/ntp.conf
restrict
Access Control Support
ntpd_enable="YES"
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf
ntpd
/etc/rc.conf
# ntpd -p /var/run/ntpd.pid

ntpd
xntpd
filter
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
 set filter dial 0 deny udp src eq 123
 # Prevent NTP traffic from initiating dial out
 set filter dial 1 permit 0 0
 set filter alive 0 deny udp src eq 123
 # Prevent incoming NTP traffic from keeping the connection open
 set filter alive 1 deny udp dst eq 123
 # Prevent outgoing NTP traffic from keeping the connection open
 set filter alive 2 permit 0/0 0/0

PACKET
FILTERING
/usr/share/examples/ppp/
/usr/share/doc/ntp/
security/pf
security/pf
pf_enable="YES"
options INET
device bpf
NOINET6
NO_INET6
options INET6
pfctl
# pfctl -e

pfctl
/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
/usr/src/sys/arch/conf/LINT
device pf
device pflog
device pfsync

device pf
device pflog
device pfsync
/etc/rc.conf
pf_enable="YES"                 # Включить PF (загрузить модуль если необходимо)
pf_rules="/etc/pf.conf"         # определение правил для pf
pf_flags=""                     # дополнительные флаги для запуска pfctl
pflog_enable="YES"              # запустить pflogd(8)
pflog_logfile="/var/log/pflog"  # где pflogd должен сохранять протокол
pflog_flags=""                  # дополнительные флаги для запуска pflogd

gateway_enable="YES"            # Включить сетевой шлюз

options         ALTQ
options         ALTQ_CBQ        # Class Bases Queuing (CBQ)
options         ALTQ_RED        # Random Early Detection (RED)
options         ALTQ_RIO        # RED In/Out
options         ALTQ_HFSC       # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC)
options         ALTQ_PRIQ       # Priority Queuing (PRIQ)
options         ALTQ_NOPCC      # Required for SMP build

options ALTQ
options ALTQ_CBQ
options ALTQ_RED
options ALTQ_RIO
options ALTQ_HFSC
options ALTQ_PRIQ
options ALTQ_NOPCC
/etc/pf.conf
/etc/pf.conf
ipfilter_enable="YES"
block all
/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
/usr/src/sys/arch/conf/LINT
options IPFILTER
options IPFILTER_LOG
options IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK

options IPFILTER
options IPFILTER_LOG
ipl
log
options IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK
pass
/etc/rc.conf
ipfilter_enable="YES"             # Запуск межсетевого экрана ipf
ipfilter_rules="/etc/ipf.rules"   # Загрузка файла с правилами
ipmon_enable="YES"                # Включение протоколирования IP monitor
ipmon_flags="-Ds"                 # D = запуск в виде даемона
                                  # s = протоколирование в syslog
                                  # v = протоколирование tcp window, ack, seq
                                  # n = отображение имен IP и портов

gateway_enable="YES"              # Включение шлюза для локальной сети
ipnat_enable="YES"                # Запуск функции ipnat
ipnat_rules="/etc/ipnat.rules"    # Определение файла правил для ipnat

# ipf -Fa -f /etc/ipf.rules

ipf
-Z
input packets: blocked 99286 passed 1255609 nomatch 14686 counted 0
 output packets: blocked 4200 passed 1284345 nomatch 14687 counted 0
 input packets logged: blocked 99286 passed 0
 output packets logged: blocked 0 passed 0
 packets logged: input 0 output 0
 log failures: input 3898 output 0
 fragment state(in): kept 0 lost 0
 fragment state(out): kept 0 lost 0
 packet state(in): kept 169364 lost 0
 packet state(out): kept 431395 lost 0
 ICMP replies: 0 TCP RSTs sent: 0
 Result cache hits(in): 1215208 (out): 1098963
 IN Pullups succeeded: 2 failed: 0
 OUT Pullups succeeded: 0 failed: 0
 Fastroute successes: 0 failures: 0
 TCP cksum fails(in): 0 (out): 0
 Packet log flags set: (0)

ipfstat -in
ipfstat -on
@1 pass out on xl0 from any to any
@2 block out on dc0 from any to any
@3 pass out quick on dc0 proto tcp/udp from any to any keep state

ipfstat -ih
ipfstat -oh
2451423 pass out on xl0 from any to any
354727 block out on dc0 from any to any
430918 pass out quick on dc0 proto tcp/udp from any to any keep state

ipfstat
ipmon
rc.conf
ipmon_flags="-Ds" # D = start as daemon
                  # s = log to syslog
                  # v = log tcp window, ack, seq
                  # n = map IP & port to names

security
local0
security
local0
LOG_INFO - packets logged using the "log" keyword as the action rather than pass or block.
LOG_NOTICE - packets logged which are also passed
LOG_WARNING - packets logged which are also blocked
LOG_ERR - packets which have been logged and which can be considered short

/var/log/ipfilter.log
# touch /var/log/ipfilter.log

/etc/syslog.conf
syslog.conf
/etc/syslog.conf
security.* /var/log/ipfilter.log

local0.* /var/log/ipfilter.log

security.*
local0.*
/etc/syslog.conf
/etc/syslog.conf
/etc/rc.d/syslogd reload
killall -HUP
syslogd
/etc/newsyslog.conf
ipmon
dc0
@0:17
ipfstat
-in
PR
len
$
"
############# Start of IPF rules script ########################

oif="dc0"            # name of the outbound interface
odns="192.0.2.11"    # ISP's DNS server IP address
myip="192.0.2.7"     # my static IP address from ISP
ks="keep state"
fks="flags S keep state"

# You can choose between building /etc/ipf.rules file
# from this script or running this script "as is".
#
# Uncomment only one line and comment out another.
#
# 1) This can be used for building /etc/ipf.rules:
#cat > /etc/ipf.rules << EOF
#
# 2) This can be used to run script "as is":
/sbin/ipf -Fa -f - << EOF

# Allow out access to my ISP's Domain name server.
pass out quick on $oif proto tcp from any to $odns port = 53 $fks
pass out quick on $oif proto udp from any to $odns port = 53 $ks

# Allow out non-secure standard www function
pass out quick on $oif proto tcp from $myip to any port = 80 $fks

# Allow out secure www function https over TLS SSL
pass out quick on $oif proto tcp from $myip to any port = 443 $fks
EOF
################## End of IPF rules script ########################

/etc/ipf.rules.script
# sh /etc/ipf.rules.script

cat
/sbin/ipf
ipfilter_enable="YES"
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/ipf.rules
ipfilter_enable="NO"
/etc/rc.conf
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/
ipf.loadrules.sh
.sh
#!/bin/sh
sh /etc/ipf.rules.script

root
# chmod 700 /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ipf.loadrules.sh

/etc/rc
netstat
% netstat -r
Routing tables

Destination      Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire

default      outside-gw     UGSc       37      418  ppp0
localhost    localhost      UH      0      181   lo0
test0        0:e0:b5:36:cf:4f   UHLW    5    63288   ed0     77
10.20.30.255     link#1         UHLW    1     2421
example.com  link#1         UC      0    0
host1        0:e0:a8:37:8:1e    UHLW    3     4601   lo0
host2        0:e0:a8:37:8:1e    UHLW    0    5   lo0 =>
host2.example.com link#1        UC      0    0
224      link#1         UC      0    0

localhost
Netif
localhost
lo0
0:e0:...
test0
ed0
Expire
10.20.30.255
10.20.30
example.com
link#1
host1
lo0
host2
=>
lo0
link#1
224
Flags
c
Local1
Local2
Local1
Local1
T1-GW
T1-GW
X.X.X.1
10.20.30
10.9.9
/etc/rc.conf
Local2
/etc/rc.conf
defaultrouter="10.20.30.1"

# route add default 10.20.30.1

YES
gateway_enable=YES          # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway

1
0
net/zebra
RouterA
10.0.0.1
RouterB
RouterB
192.168.1.1
RouterA
% netstat -nr
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif  Expire
default            10.0.0.1           UGS         0    49378    xl0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        6    lo0
10.0.0/24          link#1             UC          0        0    xl0
192.168.1/24       link#2             UC          0        0    xl1

RouterA
RouterA
192.168.1.2
# route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2

RouterA
192.168.2.0/24
/etc/rc.conf
# Добавление статического маршрута в Internal Net 2
static_routes="internalnet2"
route_internalnet2="-net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2"

static_routes
static_routes
internalnet2
route_internalnet2
# route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2

"-net 192.168.2.0/24
192.168.1.2"
static_routes
192.168.0.0/24
192.168.1.0/24
static_routes="net1 net2"
route_net1="-net 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.0.1"
route_net2="-net 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.1"

options MROUTING

/etc/mrouted.conf
# ifconfig -a
wi0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::202:2dff:fe2d:c938%wi0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x7
        inet 0.0.0.0 netmask 0xff000000 broadcast 255.255.255.255
        ether 00:09:2d:2d:c9:50
        media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect (DS/2Mbps)
        status: no carrier
        ssid ""
        stationname "FreeBSD Wireless node"
        channel 10 authmode OPEN powersavemode OFF powersavesleep 100
        wepmode OFF weptxkey 1

# kldload bridge

# sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.enable=1
# sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.config="wi0 xl0"
# sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1

# sysctl net.link.ether.bridge=1
# sysctl net.link.ether.bridge_cfg="wi0,xl0"
# sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1

# ifconfig wi0 ssid my_net channel 11 media DS/11Mbps mediaopt hostap up stationname "FreeBSD AP"

wi0
my_net
FreeBSD AP
# wicontrol -l
1 station:
00:09:b7:7b:9d:16  asid=04c0, flags=3<ASSOC,AUTH>, caps=1<ESS>, rates=f<1M,2M,5.5M,11M>, sig=38/15

my_net
# ifconfig -a
wi0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::202:2dff:fe2d:c938%wi0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x7
        inet 0.0.0.0 netmask 0xff000000 broadcast 255.255.255.255
        ether 00:09:2d:2d:c9:50
        media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect (DS/2Mbps)
        status: no carrier
        ssid ""
        stationname "FreeBSD Wireless node"
        channel 10 authmode OPEN powersavemode OFF powersavesleep 100
        wepmode OFF weptxkey 1

# ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid my_net

192.168.0.20
255.255.255.0
# ifconfig wi0

status: associated

associated
# ifconfig wi0 inet up ssid my_net wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 media DS/11Mbps mediaopt hostap

# ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid my_net wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890

0x1234567890
net-mgmt/bsd-airtools
dstumbler
dstumbler
dwepcrack
dwepdump
dwepkeygen
wicontrol
ancontrol
raycontrol
wi0
an0
ifconfig
.SYS
.INF
root
# cd /usr/src/sys/modules/ndis
# make && make install

W32DRIVER.SYS
W32DRIVER.INF
if_ndis
root
# cd /usr/src/sys/modules/if_ndis
# cp /path/to/driver/W32DRIVER.SYS ./
# cp /path/to/driver/W32DRIVER.INF ./

ndiscvt
ndis_driver_data.h
# ndiscvt -i W32DRIVER.INF -s W32DRIVER.SYS -o ndis_driver_data.h

Makefile
ndiscvt
# make && make install

# kldload ndis
# kldload if_ndis

ndis0: <Wireless-G PCI Adapter> mem 0xf4100000-0xf4101fff irq 3 at device 8.0 on pci1
ndis0: NDIS API version: 5.0
ndis0: Ethernet address: 0a:b1:2c:d3:4e:f5
ndis0: 11b rates: 1Mbps 2Mbps 5.5Mbps 11Mbps
ndis0: 11g rates: 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps

ndis0
wi0
# kldload ng_ubt

/boot/loader.conf
ng_ubt_load="YES"

ubt0: vendor 0x0a12 product 0x0001, rev 1.10/5.25, addr 2
ubt0: Interface 0 endpoints: interrupt=0x81, bulk-in=0x82, bulk-out=0x2
ubt0: Interface 1 (alt.config 5) endpoints: isoc-in=0x83, isoc-out=0x3,
      wMaxPacketSize=49, nframes=6, buffer size=294

/usr/share/examples/netgraph/bluetooth/rc.bluetooth
/etc/rc.bluetooth
# /etc/rc.bluetooth start ubt0
BD_ADDR: 00:02:72:00:d4:1a
Features: 0xff 0xff 0xf 00 00 00 00 00
<3-Slot> <5-Slot> <Encryption> <Slot offset>
<Timing accuracy> <Switch> <Hold mode> <Sniff mode>
<Park mode> <RSSI> <Channel quality> <SCO link>
<HV2 packets> <HV3 packets> <u-law log> <A-law log> <CVSD>
<Paging scheme> <Power control> <Transparent SCO data>
Max. ACL packet size: 192 bytes
Number of ACL packets: 8
Max. SCO packet size: 64 bytes
Number of SCO packets: 8

% hccontrol -n ubt0hci inquiry
Inquiry result, num_responses=1
Inquiry result #0
       BD_ADDR: 00:80:37:29:19:a4
       Page Scan Rep. Mode: 0x1
       Page Scan Period Mode: 00
       Page Scan Mode: 00
       Class: 52:02:04
       Clock offset: 0x78ef
Inquiry complete. Status: No error [00]

BD_ADDR
/etc/bluetooth/hosts
% hccontrol -n ubt0hci remote_name_request 00:80:37:29:19:a4
BD_ADDR: 00:80:37:29:19:a4
Name: Pav's T39

% hccontrol -n ubt0hci read_connection_list
Remote BD_ADDR    Handle Type Mode Role Encrypt Pending Queue State
00:80:37:29:19:a4     41  ACL    0 MAST    NONE       0     0 OPEN

# hccontrol -n ubt0hci disconnect 41
Connection handle: 41
Reason: Connection terminated by local host [0x16]

hccontrol help
0
bytes
# l2ping -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=0 time=48.633 ms result=0
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=1 time=37.551 ms result=0
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=2 time=28.324 ms result=0
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=3 time=46.150 ms result=0

% l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_channel_list
L2CAP channels:
Remote BD_ADDR     SCID/ DCID   PSM  IMTU/ OMTU State
00:07:e0:00:0b:ca    66/   64     3   132/  672 OPEN
% l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_connection_list
L2CAP connections:
Remote BD_ADDR    Handle Flags Pending State
00:07:e0:00:0b:ca     41 O           0 OPEN

% btsockstat
Active L2CAP sockets
PCB      Recv-Q Send-Q Local address/PSM       Foreign address   CID   State
c2afe900      0      0 00:02:72:00:d4:1a/3     00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 66    OPEN
Active RFCOMM sessions
L2PCB    PCB      Flag MTU   Out-Q DLCs State
c2afe900 c2b53380 1    127   0     Yes  OPEN
Active RFCOMM sockets
PCB      Recv-Q Send-Q Local address     Foreign address   Chan DLCI State
c2e8bc80      0    250 00:02:72:00:d4:1a 00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 3    6    OPEN

/etc/bluetooth/hcsecd.conf
device {
        bdaddr  00:80:37:29:19:a4;
        name    "Pav's T39";
        key     nokey;
        pin     "1234";
      }

hcsecd.conf
/etc/rc.conf
hcsecd_enable="YES"

hcsecd[16484]: Got Link_Key_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4
hcsecd[16484]: Found matching entry, remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4, name 'Pav's T39', link key doesn't exist
hcsecd[16484]: Sending Link_Key_Negative_Reply to 'ubt0hci' for remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4
hcsecd[16484]: Got PIN_Code_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4
hcsecd[16484]: Found matching entry, remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4, name 'Pav's T39', PIN code exists
hcsecd[16484]: Sending PIN_Code_Reply to 'ubt0hci' for remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4

% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec browse
Record Handle: 00000000
Service Class ID List:
        Service Discovery Server (0x1000)
Protocol Descriptor List:
        L2CAP (0x0100)
                Protocol specific parameter #1: u/int/uuid16 1
                Protocol specific parameter #2: u/int/uuid16 1

Record Handle: 0x00000001
Service Class ID List:
        Browse Group Descriptor (0x1001)

Record Handle: 0x00000002
Service Class ID List:
        LAN Access Using PPP (0x1102)
Protocol Descriptor List:
        L2CAP (0x0100)
        RFCOMM (0x0003)
                Protocol specific parameter #1: u/int8/bool 1
Bluetooth Profile Descriptor List:
        LAN Access Using PPP (0x1102) ver. 1.0

% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec search OPUSH

/etc/rc.conf
sdpd_enable="YES"

# /etc/rc.d/sdpd start

# sdpd

# sdpcontrol -l browse

/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
# rfcomm_pppd -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -c -C dun -l rfcomm-dialup

/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
# rfcomm_pppd -s -C 7 -l rfcomm-server

comms/obexapp
% obexapp -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -C IrMC
obex> get telecom/devinfo.txt devinfo-t39.txt
Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)
obex> put new.vcf
Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)
obex> di
Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)

/var/spool/obex
# obexapp -s -C 10

# rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t /dev/ttyp6
rfcomm_sppd[94692]: Starting on /dev/ttyp6...

# cu -l ttyp6

# hccontrol -n ubt0hci write_node_role_switch 0

comms/hcidump
A
B
options BRIDGE

IPFIREWALL
IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT
DUMMYNET
net.link.ether.bridge.enable=1

/etc/sysctl.conf
net.link.ether.bridge.config=if1,if2

if1
if2
net.link.ether.bridge.ipfw=1

net.link.ether.bridge=1
net.link.ether.bridge_cfg=if1,if2
net.link.ether.bridge_ipfw=1

net/etherboot
/usr/share/examples/diskless/clone_root
/etc
/
/usr
GENERIC
net/isc-dhcp3-server
/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf
margaux
corbieres
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
authoritative;

option domain-name "example.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.4.1;
option routers 192.168.4.1;

subnet 192.168.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  use-host-decl-names on; 
  option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
  option broadcast-address 192.168.4.255;

  host margaux {
    hardware ethernet 01:23:45:67:89:ab;
    fixed-address margaux.example.com;
    next-server 192.168.4.4; 
    filename "/data/misc/kernel.diskless"; 
    option root-path "192.168.4.4:/data/misc/diskless"; 
  }
  host corbieres {
    hardware ethernet 00:02:b3:27:62:df;
    fixed-address corbieres.example.com;
    next-server 192.168.4.4;
    filename "pxeboot";
    option root-path "192.168.4.4:/data/misc/diskless";
  }
}

host
option host-name margaux
host
next-server
filename
pxeboot
pxeboot
/boot
GENERIC
root-path
/etc/bootptab
NO_DHCP_SUPPORT
.def100:\
  :hn:ht=1:sa=192.168.4.4:vm=rfc1048:\
  :sm=255.255.255.0:\
  :ds=192.168.4.1:\
  :gw=192.168.4.1:\
  :hd="/tftpboot":\
  :bf="/kernel.diskless":\
  :rp="192.168.4.4:/data/misc/diskless":

margaux:ha=0123456789ab:tc=.def100

net/etherboot
Config
src
# gmake bin32/devicetype.fd0

devicetype
NIC
devicetype
LOADER_TFTP_SUPPORT
/etc/make.conf
/etc/defaults/make.conf
/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf
make.conf
BOOT_PXELDR_PROBE_KEYBOARD
BOOT_PXELDR_ALWAYS_SERIAL
Boot from network
/tftpboot
/etc/inetd.conf
tftp   dgram   udp wait    root    /usr/libexec/tftpd  tftpd -l -s /tftpboot

dgram udp
stream tcp
# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`

tftpboot
inetd.conf
dhcpd.conf
/etc/rc.conf
nfs_server_enable="YES"

/etc/exports
margaux
corbieres
/data/misc -alldirs -ro margaux corbieres

/etc/rc.conf
# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid`

options     BOOTP          # Use BOOTP to obtain IP address/hostname
options     BOOTP_NFSROOT  # NFS mount root filesystem using BOOTP info

BOOTP_NFSV3
BOOT_COMPAT
BOOTP_WIRED_TO
LINT
NOTES
dhcpd.conf
rc.conf
NOTES
hints      "GENERIC.hints"

root-path
dhcpd.conf
clone_root
/usr/share/examples/diskless/clone_root
DEST
/etc/fstab
/etc/rc.conf
README
/usr/share/examples/diskless
diskless
clone_root
/etc
rc
make world
DESTDIR
#!/bin/sh
export DESTDIR=/data/misc/diskless
mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}
cd /usr/src; make world && make kernel
cd /usr/src/etc; make distribution

/etc/rc.conf
/etc/fstab
DESTDIR
dhcpd.conf
# Global section
option swap-path code 128 = string;
option swap-size code 129 = integer 32;

host margaux {
  ... # Standard lines, see above
  option swap-path "192.168.4.4:/netswapvolume/netswap";
  option swap-size 64000;
}

swap-path
swap.client-ip
option option-128 "...
/etc/bootptab
T128="192.168.4.4:/netswapvolume/netswap":T129=0000fa00

/etc/bootptab
# mkdir /netswapvolume/netswap
# cd /netswapvolume/netswap
# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=64000 of=swap.192.168.4.6
# chmod 0600 swap.192.168.4.6

192.168.4.6
/etc/exports
/netswapvolume  -maproot=0:10 -alldirs margaux corbieres

exports
dhcpd.conf
# Global section
option swap-path code 128 = string;
option swap-size code 129 = integer 32;

host margaux {
  ... # Standard lines, see above
  option swap-path "192.168.4.4:/netswapvolume/netswap";
  option swap-size 64000;
}

swap-path
swap.client-ip
option option-128 "...
/etc/bootptab
T128="192.168.4.4:/netswapvolume/netswap":T129=0000fa00

/etc/bootptab
# mkdir /netswapvolume/netswap
# cd /netswapvolume/netswap
# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=64000 of=swap.192.168.4.6
# chmod 0600 swap.192.168.4.6

192.168.4.6
/etc/exports
/netswapvolume  -maproot=0:10 -alldirs margaux corbieres

/usr
/usr
tar
cpio
/dev
MAKEDEV
MAKEDEV
isppp
/usr/share/examples/isdn/
subscribe freebsd-isdn
options IPFIREWALL
options IPDIVERT

options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT
options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE

/etc/rc.conf
gateway_enable="YES" 
firewall_enable="YES" 
firewall_type="OPEN" 
natd_enable="YES"
natd_interface="fxp0" 
natd_flags="" 

sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
/etc/rc.firewall
/etc/rc.firewall
/etc/rc.conf
natd -interface fxp0
/etc/rc.conf
natd_flags="-f /etc/natd.conf"

/etc/natd.conf
redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667
redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.3:80 80

A
B
192.168.0.2
192.168.0.3
192.168.0.1
A
B
192.168.0.1
A
B
     -redirect_port proto targetIP:targetPORT[-targetPORT]
                 [aliasIP:]aliasPORT[-aliasPORT]
                 [remoteIP[:remotePORT[-remotePORT]]]

    -redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667
    -redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.3:80 80

tcp
192.168.0.2:2000-3000 2000-3000
A
natd_flags=""
/etc/rc.conf
128.1.1.1
128.1.1.2
128.1.1.3
128.1.1.1
128.1.1.2
128.1.1.3
A
B
-redirect_address localIP publicIP

-redirect_address 192.168.0.2 128.1.1.2
-redirect_address 192.168.0.3 128.1.1.3

natd_flags=""
/etc/rc.conf
# grep lp /var/run/dmesg.boot
lpt0: <Printer> on ppbus0
lpt0: Interrupt-driven port

device ppc0 at isa? irq 7

/boot/device.hints
hint.ppc.0.at="isa"
hint.ppc.0.irq="7"

device
plip
plip.ko
# ifconfig plip0
plip0: flags=8810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

root
host1
host2
                 host1 <-----> host2
IP Address    10.0.0.1      10.0.0.2

host1
# ifconfig plip0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2

host2
# ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1

/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1               localhost.my.domain localhost
10.0.0.1                host1.my.domain host1
10.0.0.2                host2.my.domain

host1
# ifconfig lp0
lp0: flags=8851<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet 10.0.0.1 --> 10.0.0.2 netmask 0xff000000
# netstat -r
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination        Gateway          Flags     Refs     Use      Netif Expire
host2              host1              UH          0       0       lp0
# ping -c 4 host2
PING host2 (10.0.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.774 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.530 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.556 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.714 ms

--- host2 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.530/2.643/2.774/0.103 ms

10.0.0.0/8
172.16.0.0/12
192.168.0.0/24
xxx.xxx.xxx.255
::
0.0.0.0
::1
127.0.0.1
::00:xx:xx:xx:xx
::ff:xx:xx:xx:xx
fe80::
feb::
fec0::
fef::
ff::
001
x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x
FEBC:A574:382B:23C1:AA49:4592:4EFE:9982
fe80::1
fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
f2002::10.0.0.1
2002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0a00:0001
2002::a00:1
# ifconfig

rl0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
         inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255
         inet6 fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1
         ether 00:00:21:03:08:e1
         media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX )
         status: active

fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0
net/freenet6
# ifconfig gif0 create
# ifconfig gif0
gif0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1280
# ifconfig gif0 tunnel MY_IPv4_ADDR  MY_IPv4_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR
# ifconfig gif0 inet6 alias MY_ASSIGNED_IPv6_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR MY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR

ff02::1%gif0
ff02:1%gif0
%gif0
gif0
ping
# route add -inet6 default -interface gif0
# ping6 -n MY_UPLINK

# traceroute6 www.jp.FreeBSD.org
(3ffe:505:2008:1:2a0:24ff:fe57:e561) from 3ffe:8060:100::40:2, 30 hops max, 12 byte packets
     1  atnet-meta6  14.147 ms  15.499 ms  24.319 ms
     2  6bone-gw2-ATNET-NT.ipv6.tilab.com  103.408 ms  95.072 ms *
     3  3ffe:1831:0:ffff::4  138.645 ms  134.437 ms  144.257 ms
     4  3ffe:1810:0:6:290:27ff:fe79:7677  282.975 ms  278.666 ms  292.811 ms
     5  3ffe:1800:0:ff00::4  400.131 ms  396.324 ms  394.769 ms
     6  3ffe:1800:0:3:290:27ff:fe14:cdee  394.712 ms  397.19 ms  394.102 ms

www/mozilla
x11/kdebase3
www/epiphany
MYHOSTNAME           AAAA    MYIPv6ADDR

dns/djbdns
/etc/rc.conf
ipv6_enable="YES"

2001:471:1f11:251:290:27ff:fee0:2093
fxp0
ipv6_ifconfig_fxp0="2001:471:1f11:251:290:27ff:fee0:2093"

2001:471:1f11:251::1
/etc/rc.conf
ipv6_defaultrouter="2001:471:1f11:251::1"

/etc/rc.conf
gif0
gif_interfaces="gif0"

MY_IPv4_ADDR
REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR
gifconfig_gif0="MY_IPv4_ADDR REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR"

ipv6_ifconfig_gif0="MY_ASSIGNED_IPv6_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR"

ipv6_defaultrouter="MY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR"

/etc/rc.conf
ipv6_gateway_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.conf
rtadvd_enable="YES"

fxp0
rtadvd_interfaces="fxp0"

/etc/rtadvd.conf
fxp0:\
        :addrs#1:addr="2001:471:1f11:246::":prefixlen#64:tc=ether:

fxp0
2001:471:1f11:246::
/64
prefixlen#
hostA
192.168.173.1
hostB
192.168.173.2
hostC
192.168.173.3
hostD
192.168.173.4
hostA
hostB
hostA
hostC
hostA
hostD
hostB
hostC
hostB
hostD
hostC
hostD
hostA# ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.1 up
hostB# ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.2 up
hostC# ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.3 up
hostD# ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.4 up

hatm0
hostA
hostA# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 100 llc/snap ubr
hostA# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 101 llc/snap ubr
hostA# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 102 llc/snap ubr

hostB# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.1 hatm0 0 100 llc/snap ubr
hostB# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 103 llc/snap ubr
hostB# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 104 llc/snap ubr

hostC# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.1 hatm0 0 101 llc/snap ubr
hostC# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 103 llc/snap ubr
hostC# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 105 llc/snap ubr

hostD# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.1 hatm0 0 102 llc/snap ubr
hostD# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 104 llc/snap ubr
hostD# atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 105 llc/snap ubr

# atmconfig help natm add

/etc/rc.conf
hostA
network_interfaces="lo0 hatm0"
ifconfig_hatm0="inet 192.168.173.1 up"
natm_static_routes="hostB hostC hostD"
route_hostB="192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 100 llc/snap ubr"
route_hostC="192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 101 llc/snap ubr"
route_hostD="192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 102 llc/snap ubr"

hostA# atmconfig natm show

CVSROOT
cvs login
cvs login
.cvspass
HOME
cvs login
.cvspass
ls
grep
CVSROOT
cvs
login
cvs
login
cvs
login
SSH HostKey: 1024 a1:e7:46:de:fb:56:ef:05:bc:73:aa:91:09:da:f7:f4 root@sanmateo.ecn.purdue.edu
SSH2 HostKey: 1024 52:02:38:1a:2f:a8:71:d3:f5:83:93:8d:aa:00:6f:65 ssh_host_dsa_key.pub

SSH HostKey: 1024 8b:c4:6f:9a:7e:65:8a:eb:50:50:29:7c:a1:47:03:bc root@ender.liquidneon.com
SSH2 HostKey: 2048 4d:59:19:7b:ea:9b:76:0b:ca:ee:da:26:e2:3a:83:b8 ssh_host_dsa_key.pub

% setenv CVSROOT :pserver:anoncvs@anoncvs.jp.FreeBSD.org:/home/ncvs
% cvs login
At the prompt, enter the password ''anoncvs''.
% cvs co ls

src/
% cvs -d freebsdanoncvs@anoncvs.FreeBSD.org:/home/ncvs co src
The authenticity of host 'anoncvs.freebsd.org (128.46.156.46)' can't be established.
DSA key fingerprint is 52:02:38:1a:2f:a8:71:d3:f5:83:93:8d:aa:00:6f:65.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'anoncvs.freebsd.org' (DSA) to the list of known hosts.

% setenv CVSROOT :pserver:anoncvs@anoncvs.jp.FreeBSD.org:/home/ncvs
% cvs login
At the prompt, enter the password ''anoncvs''.
% cvs co -rRELENG_6 ls

% setenv CVSROOT :pserver:anoncvs@anoncvs.jp.FreeBSD.org:/home/ncvs
% cvs login
At the prompt, enter the password ''anoncvs''.
% cvs rdiff -u -rRELENG_5_3_0_RELEASE -rRELENG_5_4_0_RELEASE ls

% setenv CVSROOT :pserver:anoncvs@anoncvs.jp.FreeBSD.org:/home/ncvs
% cvs login
At the prompt, enter the password ''anoncvs''.
% cvs co modules
% more modules/modules

/usr/src/usr.sbin/ctm
README
ctm_rmail
ctm_rmail
/etc/aliases
ctm_rmail
X
src-cur.3210XEmpty.gz
X
Empty
Empty
gzip
XEmpty
# cd /where/ever/you/want/the/stuff
# ctm -v -v /where/you/store/your/deltas/src-xxx.*

gzip
fdwrite
foo
foo.ctm
foo
.ctm
.ctm
backup-file
lib/libc/Makefile
# cd /where/ever/you/want/to/extract/it/
# ctm -e '^lib/libc/Makefile' ~ctm/src-xxx.*

ports
cron
cvsup
cvsupd
sup
net/cvsup
net/cvsup
net/cvsup
net/cvsup-without-gui
supfile
/usr/share/examples/cvsup/
supfile
supfile
supfile
supfile
supfile
#
delete
compress
=
release=cvs
supfile
supfile
supfile
supfile
*default
supfile
supfile
*default
supfile
src-all
supfile
src-all

tag=
tag=
tag=.
ports-*
tag=
tag=
RELENG_4
tag=RELENG_4
tag=.
supfile
*default tag=.

tag=
date=
host=
cvsup
cvsup99.FreeBSD.org
*default host=cvsup99.FreeBSD.org

cvsup
hostname
prefix=
cvsup
/usr/src
src
*default prefix=/usr

cvsup
/var/db
*default base=/var/db

cvsup
supfile
supfile
*default release=cvs delete use-rel-suffix compress

release=cvs
delete
use-rel-suffix
compress
supfile
*default tag=.
*default host=cvsup99.FreeBSD.org
*default prefix=/usr
*default base=/var/db
*default release=cvs delete use-rel-suffix compress

src-all

refuse
doc
ports
www
doc
www
refuse
refuse
refuse
base/sup/
base
supfile
base
/var/db
refuse
/var/db/sup/refuse
refuse
refuse
doc/bn_*
doc/da_*
doc/de_*
doc/el_*
doc/es_*
doc/fr_*
doc/it_*
doc/ja_*
doc/nl_*
doc/no_*
doc/pl_*
doc/pt_*
doc/sr_*
doc/tr_*
doc/zh_*

refuse
# cvsup supfile

supfile
supfile
cvsup
/usr/src
root
cvsup
# mkdir /var/tmp/dest
# cvsup supfile /var/tmp/dest

/usr/src
/var/tmp/dest/usr/src
/usr/src
root
cvsup
# cvsup -g -L 2 supfile

cvsup -H
src-all
ports-all
cvs-all release=cvs
distrib release=cvs
doc-all release=cvs
ports-all release=cvs
ports-all
ports-base
ports-base
ports-base
ports/INDEX
ports-all
ports/INDEX
ports-accessibility release=cvs
ports-arabic release=cvs
ports-archivers release=cvs
ports-astro release=cvs
ports-audio release=cvs
ports-base release=cvs
Mk/
Tools/
/usr/ports
ports-benchmarks release=cvs
ports-biology release=cvs
ports-cad release=cvs
ports-chinese release=cvs
ports-comms release=cvs
ports-converters release=cvs
ports-databases release=cvs
ports-deskutils release=cvs
ports-devel release=cvs
ports-dns release=cvs
ports-editors release=cvs
ports-emulators release=cvs
ports-finance release=cvs
ports-ftp release=cvs
ports-games release=cvs
ports-german release=cvs
ports-graphics release=cvs
ports-hebrew release=cvs
ports-hungarian release=cvs
ports-irc release=cvs
ports-japanese release=cvs
ports-java release=cvs
ports-korean release=cvs
ports-lang release=cvs
ports-mail release=cvs
ports-math release=cvs
ports-mbone release=cvs
ports-misc release=cvs
ports-multimedia release=cvs
ports-net release=cvs
ports-net-im release=cvs
ports-net-mgmt release=cvs
ports-net-p2p release=cvs
ports-news release=cvs
ports-palm release=cvs
ports-polish release=cvs
ports-portuguese release=cvs
ports-print release=cvs
ports-russian release=cvs
ports-science release=cvs
ports-security release=cvs
ports-shells release=cvs
ports-sysutils release=cvs
ports-textproc release=cvs
ports-ukrainian release=cvs
ports-vietnamese release=cvs
ports-www release=cvs
ports-x11 release=cvs
ports-x11-clocks release=cvs
ports-x11-fm release=cvs
ports-x11-fonts release=cvs
ports-x11-toolkits release=cvs
ports-x11-servers release=cvs
ports-x11-themes release=cvs
ports-x11-wm release=cvs
src-all release=cvs
src-base release=cvs
/usr/src
src-bin release=cvs
/usr/src/bin
src-contrib release=cvs
/usr/src/contrib
src-crypto release=cvs
/usr/src/crypto
src-eBones release=cvs
/usr/src/eBones
src-etc release=cvs
/usr/src/etc
src-games release=cvs
/usr/src/games
src-gnu release=cvs
/usr/src/gnu
src-include release=cvs
/usr/src/include
src-kerberos5 release=cvs
/usr/src/kerberos5
src-kerberosIV release=cvs
/usr/src/kerberosIV
src-lib release=cvs
/usr/src/lib
src-libexec release=cvs
/usr/src/libexec
src-release release=cvs
/usr/src/release
src-sbin release=cvs
/usr/src/sbin
src-secure release=cvs
/usr/src/secure
src-share release=cvs
/usr/src/share
src-sys release=cvs
/usr/src/sys
src-sys-crypto release=cvs
/usr/src/sys/crypto
src-tools release=cvs
/usr/src/tools
src-usrbin release=cvs
/usr/src/usr.bin
src-usrsbin release=cvs
/usr/src/usr.sbin
www release=cvs
distrib release=self
gnats release=current
mail-archive release=current
www release=current
/usr/ports/
/var/db/portsnap/
/usr/local/portsnap/
/var/db/portsnap/
sysutils/portsnap
/etc/portsnap.conf
/usr/local/etc/portsnap.conf
# cd /usr/local/etc && cp portsnap.conf.sample portsnap.conf

/var/db/portsnap/
/usr/local/portsnap/
# portsnap fetch

/usr/ports/
portsnap
# portsnap extract

/usr/ports
portsnap
/usr/ports/
portsnap
# portsnap fetch update

portsnap
# portsnap fetch
# portsnap update

portsnap fetch
cron
portsnap cron
cron
portsnap update
portsnap -I update
portsnap update
portsnap
/etc/crontab
0 3 * * * root portsnap -I cron update && pkg_version -vIL=

3
portsnap
cron
update
portsnap -I cron update
portsnap cron
&& portsnap -I update
HEAD
src/
ports/
doc/
www/
.
.
src
RELENG_
ports
doc
RELEASE
www
/afs/stacken.kth.se/ftp/pub/FreeBSD/
stacken.kth.se         # Stacken Computer Club, KTH, Sweden
130.237.234.43         #hot.stacken.kth.se
130.237.237.230        #fishburger.stacken.kth.se
130.237.234.3          #milko.stacken.kth.se

net/rsync
/usr/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.*
rc.d
/usr/(CVSROOT|doc|ports|projects|src)
/usr/(doc|www)
/usr/ports
/usr/projects
/usr/src
listname
listname
Cc
Cc
send-pr
FreeBSD.org
.doc
/usr/ports
/usr/ports
FreeBSD.org
sleep mutex
дурацкий колпак
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
src/sys/compat/ndis/subr_ndis.c
i386
i386
maxusers
sysctl
security.mac.portacl.enabled
fstab

Раздел	Файловая система	Размер	Описание
`a`	`/`	100 MB	Корневая файловая система. Любая другая файловая система будет смонтирована на эту. 100 MB это подходящий размер для этой файловой системы. Вы не будете хранить на ней слишком много данных, а обычная установка FreeBSD разместит здесь около 40 MB данных. Оставшееся пространство используется для временных файлов, а также оставляет возможность расширения для будущих версий FreeBSD, которым может понадобится больше места в `/`.
`b`	N/A	2-3 x RAM	Здесь находится раздел подкачки. Выбор правильного размера раздела подкачки это немного искусство. Хороший практический способ выбрать размер подкачки это установить его равным двум или трем размерам доступной физической памяти (RAM). Должно быть хотя бы 64 MB подкачки; если в компьютере меньше чем 32 MB памяти -- установите размер подкачки равным 64 MB. Если у вас больше одного диска, можно расположить подкачку на каждом диске. FreeBSD будет использовать каждый диск, что серьезно увеличит скорость подкачки. В этом случае, определите общий размер подкачки, который вам нужен (например, 128 MB), и поделите его на число имеющихся дисков (например, два) для определения размера разделов подкачки, которые нужно разместить на каждом вашем диске, в этом примере 64 MB на диск.
`e`	`/var`	50 MB	Каталог `/var` содержит файлы, которые постоянно меняются; логи и другие административные файлы. Многие из этих файлов интенсивно читаются и записываются в процессе ежедневной работы FreeBSD. Размещение их на отдельной файловой системе позволяет FreeBSD оптимизировать доступ к этим файлам без затрагивания других каталогов, не имеющих такой же модели доступа.
`f`	`/usr`	Остальная часть диска	Все другие файлы как правило хранятся в каталоге `/usr` и его подкаталогах.

Раздел	Файловая система	Размер	Описание
`b`	N/A	Смотрите описание	Как уже обсуждалось, вы можете распространить подкачку на каждый диск. Даже если раздел `a` свободен, соглашение говорит о том, что подкачка находится на разделе `b`.
`e`	/disk`n`	Остальная часть диска	Остальная часть диска занята одним большим разделом. Он легко может быть помещен на раздел `a` вместо раздела `e`. Однако, соглашение говорит, что раздел `a` зарезервирован на слайсе для корневой (`/`) файловой системы. вы можете не следовать этому соглашению, но программа sysinstall будет ему следовать, поэтому приняв его, вы сделаете установку несколько проще. Вы можете монтировать эти файловые системы к любой точке; в этом примере предлагается смонтировать их как каталоги `/diskn`, где `n` это номер, который уникален для каждого диска. Но вы можете использовать другую схему, если захотите.

	Extreme (Максимальный)	Moderate (Умеренный)
sendmail(8)	НЕТ	ДА
sshd(8)	НЕТ	ДА
portmap(8)	НЕТ	МОЖЕТ БЫТЬ [a]
NFS server	НЕТ	ДА
securelevel(8)	ДА [b]	НЕТ
Примечания: a. Portmapper включен, если компьютер был настроен в процессе установки как NFS клиент или сервер. b. Если вы выберете профиль безопасности с уровнем ''Extreme'' или ''High'', будьте готовы к последствиям. Прочитайте страницу справочника init(8) и уделите некоторое внимание значениям уровней безопасности, или позже могут возникнуть серьезные проблемы!

Имя файла	Содержимое
`version-RELEASE-arch-miniinst.iso`	Всё, что вам нужно для установки FreeBSD.
`version-RELEASE-arch-disc1.iso`	Все, что вам нужно для установки FreeBSD, и столько дополнительных пакетов сторонних производителей, сколько уместилось на диске.
`version-RELEASE-arch-disc2.iso`	''live filesystem'', используемая в сочетании со средством ''Repair'' программы sysinstall. Копия дерева CVS FreeBSD. Столько дополнительных пакетов сторонних производителей, сколько уместилось на диске.

Имя файла	Содержимое
`version-RELEASE-arch-bootonly.iso`	Всё, что вам нужно, чтобы загрузить ядро FreeBSD и войти в интерфейс установки. Установочные файлы сгружаются с FTP или другого поддерживаемого источника.
`version-RELEASE-arch-miniinst.iso`	Всё, что вам нужно для установки FreeBSD.
`version-RELEASE-arch-disc1.iso`	Всё, что вам нужно для установки FreeBSD и ''живой файловой системы'', которая используется вместе с функцией ''Repair'' программы sysinstall.
`version-RELEASE-arch-disc2.iso`	Документация по FreeBSD и пакеты сторонних разработчиков, которые смогли поместиться на диск.

Название устройства	IRQ	Порт ввода-вывода	Примечания
Первый жесткий диск	нет	нет	40 GB, Seagate, первый IDE master
CDROM	нет	нет	Первый IDE slave
Второй жесткий диск	нет	нет	20 GB, IBM, второй IDE master
Первый IDE контроллер	14	0x1f0
Сетевая карта	нет	нет	Intel® 10/100
Модем	нет	нет	3Com® 56K факс-модем, COM1
...

Значение	Права доступа	Список файлов каталога
0	Ничего не разрешено	`---`
1	Нельзя читать и писать, разрешено исполнять	`--x`
2	Нельзя читать и исполнять, разрешено писать	`-w-`
3	Нельзя читать, разрешено писать и исполнять	`-wx`
4	Разрешено читать, нельзя писать и исполнять	`r--`
5	Разрешено читать и исполнять, нельзя писать	`r-x`
6	Разрешено читать и писать, нельзя исполнять	`rw-`
7	Разрешено все	`rwx`

Опция	Буква	Значение
(кто)	u	Пользователь (User)
(кто)	g	Группа (Group)
(кто)	o	Другие (Other)
(кто)	a	Все (All, ''world'')
(действие)	+	Добавление прав
(действие)	-	Удаление прав
(действие)	=	Явная установка прав
(права)	r	Чтение (Read)
(права)	w	Запись (Write)
(права)	x	Выполнение (Execute)
(права)	t	Sticky бит
(права)	s	SUID или SGID

Каталог	Описание
`/`	Корневой каталог файловой системы.
`/bin/`	Основные утилиты, необходимые для работы как в однопользовательском, так и в многопользовательском режимах.
`/boot/`	Программы и конфигурационные файлы, необходимые для нормальной загрузки операционной системы.
`/boot/defaults/`	Конфигурационные файлы с настройками по умолчанию, используемые в процессе загрузки операционной системы (см. loader.conf(5)).
`/dev/`	Файлы устройств (см. intro(4)).
`/etc/`	Основные конфигурационные файлы системы и скрипты.
`/etc/defaults/`	Основные конфигурационные файлы системы с настройками по умолчанию (см. rc(8)).
`/etc/mail/`	Конфигурационные файлы для систем обработки почты (например, sendmail(8)).
`/etc/namedb/`	Конфигурационные файлы для утилиты `named` (см. named(8)).
`/etc/periodic/`	Файлы сценариев, выполняемые ежедневно, еженедельно и ежемесячно (см. cron(8) и periodic(8)).
`/etc/ppp/`	Конфигурационные файлы для утилиты `ppp` (см. ppp(8)).
`/mnt/`	Пустой каталог, часто используемый системными администраторами как временная точка монтирования.
`/proc/`	Виртуальная файловая система, отображающая текущие процессы (см. procfs(5), mount_procfs(8)).
`/rescue/`	Статически собранные программы для восстановления после сбоев. Обратитесь к rescue(8).
`/root/`	Домашний каталог пользователя `root`.
`/sbin/`	Системные утилиты и утилиты администрирования, необходимые для работы как в однопользовательском, так и в многопользовательском режимах.
`/stand/`	Программы, необходимые для работы в автономном режиме (например, при установке системы).
`/tmp/`	Временные файлы. Содержимое `/tmp` обычно теряется во время перезагрузки системы. Файловая система в памяти часто монтируется в `/tmp`. Это может быть автоматизированно с помощью переменных относительно tmpmfs из rc.conf(5) (или же с помощью записи в `/etc/fstab`; обращайтесь к mdmfs(8), или в случае FreeBSD 4.X к mfs(8)).
`/usr/`	Большинство пользовательских утилит и приложений.
`/usr/bin/`	Пользовательские утилиты и приложения общего назначения.
`/usr/include/`	Стандартные заголовочные файлы для языка C.
`/usr/lib/`	Файлы стандартных библиотек.
`/usr/libdata/`	Файлы данных для различных утилит.
`/usr/libexec/`	Системные даемоны и утилиты (выполняемые другими программами).
`/usr/local/`	Локальные пользовательские приложения, библиотеки, и т.д. Также используется по умолчанию коллекцией портов. Внутри `/usr/local` иерархия каталогов должна следовать hier(7) для `/usr`. Исключение составляют каталог `man`, который расположен непосредственно в `/usr/local`, а не в `/usr/local/share`, и документация портов, которая расположена в `share/doc/port`.
`/usr/obj/`	Архитектурно-зависимые файлы и каталоги, образующиеся в процессе сборки системы из исходных текстов в `/usr/src`.
`/usr/ports/`	Коллекция портов FreeBSD (опционально).
`/usr/sbin/`	Системные утилиты и утилиты администрирования (исполняемые пользователем).
`/usr/share/`	Архитектурно-независимые файлы.
`/usr/src/`	Исходные тексты BSD и/или программ.
`/usr/X11R6/`	Утилиты, приложения и библиотеки X11R6 (X Window System; необязательно).
`/var/`	Файлы журналов общего назначения, временные, перемещаемые файлы и файлы очередей. Файловая система в памяти иногда монтируется в `/var`. Это может быть автоматизированно с помощью переменных относительно varmfs из rc.conf(5) (или же с помощью записи в `/etc/fstab`; обращайтесь к mdmfs(8), или в случае FreeBSD 4.X к mfs(8)).
`/var/log/`	Различные файлы системных журналов.
`/var/mail/`	Почтовые ящики пользователей.
`/var/spool/`	Файлы очередей печати, почты, и пр.
`/var/tmp/`	Временные файлы, которые обычно сохраняются во время перезагрузки системы, если только `/var` не является файловой системой в памяти.
`/var/yp/`	Карты (maps) NIS.

Раздел	Соглашение
`a`	Как правило, содержит корневую файловую систему
`b`	Как правило, содержит раздел подкачки
`c`	Как правило, такого же размера, что и весь слайс (slice). Это позволяет утилитам, которым нужно работать над всем слайсом (например, сканер плохих блоков), работать с разделом `c`. В обычной ситуации не нужно создавать файловую систему на этом разделе.
`d`	Раздел `d` создавался для специальных целей, хотя сейчас не используется. На настоящий момент, некоторые утилиты могут работать некорректно при попытке обращения к `d`, поэтому sysinstall обычно не создает раздел `d`.

Код	Значение
`ad`	ATAPI (IDE) диск
`da`	SCSI direct access диск
`acd`	ATAPI (IDE) CDROM
`cd`	SCSI CDROM
`fd`	Floppy disk

Имя	Значение
`ad0s1a`	Первый раздел (`a`) на первом слайсе (`s1`) первого IDE диска (`ad0`).
`da1s2e`	Пятый раздел (`e`) на втором слайсе (`s2`) второго SCSI диска (`da1`).

Переменная	Описание
`USER`	Имя текущего пользователя.
`PATH`	Каталоги, разделенные двоеточием, для поиска исполняемых файлов.
`DISPLAY`	Сетевое имя виртуального дисплея X11, доступного для подключения.
`SHELL`	Текущий командный интерпретатор.
`TERM`	Название (тип) терминала. Используется, чтобы узнать возможности терминала.
`TERMCAP`	Список escape-последовательностей для управления различными функциями терминала.
`OSTYPE`	Название (тип) операционной системы. Например, FreeBSD.
`MACHTYPE`	Архитектура машины (процессора).
`EDITOR`	Выбранный пользователем текстовый редактор.
`PAGER`	Выбранная пользователем утилита просмотра файлов.
`MANPATH`	Каталоги, разделенные двоеточием, для поиска файлов системного справочника.

Символ	Значение
=	Версия установленного пакета соответствует версии, находящейся в локальном дереве портов.
<	Установленная версия старее, чем та, что имеется в дереве портов.
>	Установленная версия новее чем та, что есть в дереве портов. (Скорее всего, локальное дерево портов устарело.)
?	В индексном файле портов установленный пакет не может быть найден. (Это может случиться, например, если установленный порт был удалён из Коллекции Портов или переименован.)
*	Имеется несколько версий пакета.

Файл	Описание
`Xaccess`	Правила авторизации клиентов.
`Xresources`	Значения ресурсов X по умолчанию.
`Xservers`	Список локальных и удаленных экранов.
`Xsession`	Сценарий сессии по умолчанию.
`Xsetup_`*	Скрипт для запуска приложений до появления приглашения к входу в систему.
`xdm-config`	Глобальный конфигурационный файл для всех экранов запущенных на локальной машине
`xdm-errors`	Ошибки сгенерированные серверной программой.
`xdm-pid`	ID процесса запущенного XDM.

Название приложения	Потребность в ресурсах	Установка из портов	Основные зависимости
Mozilla	большая	тяжелая	Gtk+
Opera	малая	легкая	Доступны версии для FreeBSD и Linux. Для Linux версии необходимо наличие Linux Binary Compatibility и linux-openmotif
Firefox	средняя	тяжелая	Gtk+
Konqueror	средняя	тяжелая	Библиотеки KDE

Название приложения	Потребность в ресурсах	Установка из портов	Основные зависимости
KOffice	малая	тяжелая	KDE
AbiWord	малая	легкая	Gtk+ или GNOME
The Gimp	малая	тяжелая	Gtk+
OpenOffice.org	большая	очень тяжелая	JDK™ 1.4, Mozilla

Название приложения	Потребность в ресурсах	Установка из портов	Основные зависимости
Acrobat Reader	малая	легкая	Linux Binary Compatibility
gv	малая	легкая	Xaw3d
Xpdf	малая	легкая	FreeType
GQview	малая	легкая	Gtk+ или GNOME

Название приложения	Потребность в ресурсах	Установка из портов	Основные зависимости
GnuCash	малая	тяжелая	GNOME
Gnumeric	малая	тяжелая	GNOME
Abacus	малая	легкая	Tcl/Tk

Имя приложения	Имя пакета	Имя порта
Mozilla	`mozilla`	`www/mozilla`
Opera	`linux-opera`	`www/linux-opera`
Firefox	`firefox`	`www/firefox`
KOffice	`koffice-kde3`	`editors/koffice-kde3`
AbiWord	`abiword`	`editors/abiword`
The GIMP	`gimp`	`graphics/gimp1`
OpenOffice.org	`openoffice`	`editors/openoffice`
Acrobat Reader	`acroread`	`print/acroread7`
gv	`gv`	`print/gv`
Xpdf	`xpdf`	`graphics/xpdf`
GQview	`gqview`	`graphics/gqview`
GnuCash	`gnucash`	`finance/gnucash`
Gnumeric	`gnumeric`	`math/gnumeric`
Abacus	`abacus`	`deskutils/abacus`

Ошибка	Решение
“`unsupported subdevice XX`”	Одно или более устройств не были правильно созданы. Повторите приведенные выше шаги.
“`sb_dspwr(XX) timed out`”	Порт ввода-вывода указан неправильно.
“`bad irq XX`”	IRQ установлен неправильно. Убедитесь, что настройки в системе и на карте одинаковы.
“`xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of memory`”	Для использования устройства недостаточно памяти.
“`xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!`”	Проверьте с помощью `fstat \| grep dsp`, не занято ли устройство другим приложением. Создать проблемы могут esound и поддержка звука в KDE.

Тип файла	Характеристика `/etc/printcap`	Опция `lpr`
cifplot	`cf`	`-c`
DVI	`df`	`-d`
plot	`gf`	`-g`
ditroff	`nf`	`-n`
Текст на языке FORTRAN	`rf`	`-f`
troff	`tf`	`-f`
растровое изображение	`vf`	`-v`
обычный текст	`if`	никакой, `-p` или `-l`

Принтер получает CR	Принтер печатает CR
Принтер получает LF	Принтер печатает CR + LF

Переменная	Значение
`LD_LIBRARY_PATH`	`$ORACLE_HOME/lib`
`CLASSPATH`	`$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/classes111.zip`
`PATH`	`/compat/linux/bin /compat/linux/sbin /compat/linux/usr/bin /compat/linux/usr/sbin /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin $ORACLE_HOME/bin`

Имя	Номер	Описание
KERNEL	51009113	SAP Kernel Oracle / Installation / AIX, Linux, Solaris
RDBMS	51007558	Oracle / RDBMS 8.0.5.X / Linux
EXPORT1	51010208	IDES / DB-Export / Диск 1 из 6
EXPORT2	51010209	IDES / DB-Export / Диск 2 из 6
EXPORT3	51010210	IDES / DB-Export / Диск 3 из 6
EXPORT4	51010211	IDES / DB-Export / Диск 4 из 6
EXPORT5	51010212	IDES / DB-Export / Диск 5 из 6
EXPORT6	51010213	IDES / DB-Export / Диск 6 из 6

Имя	Номер	Описание
KERNEL	51014004	SAP Kernel Oracle / SAP Kernel Version 4.6D / DEC, Linux
RDBMS	51012930	Oracle 8.1.7/ RDBMS / Linux
EXPORT1	51013953	Release 4.6C SR2 / Export / Диск 1 из 4
EXPORT1	51013953	Release 4.6C SR2 / Export / Диск 2 из 4
EXPORT1	51013953	Release 4.6C SR2 / Export / Диск 3 bp 4
EXPORT1	51013953	Release 4.6C SR2 / Export / Диск 4 из 4
LANG1	51013954	Release 4.6C SR2 / Language / DE, EN, FR / Диск 1 из 3

Номер	Название
0171356	SAP Software on Linux: Essential Comments
0201147	INST: 4.6C R/3 Inst. on UNIX - Oracle
0373203	Update / Migration Oracle 8.0.5 --> 8.0.6/8.1.6 LINUX
0072984	Release of Digital UNIX 4.0B for Oracle
0130581	R3SETUP step DIPGNTAB terminates
0144978	Your system has not been installed correctly
0162266	Questions and tips for R3SETUP on Windows NT / W2K

Номер	Название
0015023	Initializing table TCPDB (RSXP0004) (EBCDIC)
0045619	R/3 with several languages or typefaces
0171356	SAP Software on Linux: Essential Comments
0195603	RedHat 6.1 Enterprise version: Known problems
0212876	The new archiving tool SAPCAR
0300900	Linux: Released DELL Hardware
0377187	RedHat 6.2: important remarks
0387074	INST: R/3 4.6C SR2 Installation on UNIX
0387077	INST: R/3 4.6C SR2 Inst. on UNIX - Oracle
0387078	SAP Software on UNIX: OS Dependencies 4.6C SR2

Компонент	4.6B	4.6C
Процессор	2 x 800MHz Pentium III	2 x 800MHz Pentium III
Память	1GB ECC	2GB ECC
Объем дисков	50-60GB (IDES)	50-60GB (IDES)

Index of /handbook/book.html

Проект Документации FreeBSD

Предисловие

Целевая аудитория

Изменения по сравнению со второй редакцией

Изменения во второй редакции

Структура этой книги

Договоренности, используемые в этой книге

Типографические договорённости

Пользовательский ввод

Примеры

Благодарности

I. В начале

Глава 1. Введение

Глава 2. Установка FreeBSD

Глава 3. Основы UNIX

Глава 4. Установка приложений: порты и пакеты

Файловая система	Размер (в блока по 1 Кбайту)	Размер (Гбайт)	Смонтирована в
`/dev/da0s1a`	1.016.303	1	`/`
`/dev/da0s1b`		6	swap
`/dev/da0s1e`	2.032.623	2	`/var`
`/dev/da0s1f`	8.205.339	8	`/usr`
`/dev/da1s1e`	45.734.361	45	`/compat/linux/oracle`
`/dev/da1s1f`	2.032.623	2	`/compat/linux/sapmnt`
`/dev/da1s1g`	2.032.623	2	`/compat/linux/usr/sap`

точка монтирования	размер в Гбайтах
`/compat/linux/oracle`	45 GB
`/compat/linux/sapmnt`	2 GB
`/compat/linux/usr/sap`	2 GB

идентификатор группы	имя группы	описание
100	dba	Администратор базы данных
101	sapsys	Система SAP
102	oper	Оператор базы данных

идентификатор пользователя	имя пользователя	общий вид имени	группа	дополнительные группы	описание
1000	idsadm/prdadm	`sid`adm	sapsys	oper	Администратор SAP
1002	oraids/oraprd	ora`sid`	dba	oper	Администратор Oracle

Вопрос	Стандартное значение	Ответ
Enter SAP System ID	[C11]	IDSEnter
Enter SAP Instance Number	[00]	Enter
Enter SAPMOUNT Directory	[/sapmnt]	Enter
Enter name of SAP central host	[troubadix.domain.de]	Enter
Enter name of SAP db host	[troubadix]	Enter
Select character set	[1] (WE8DEC)	Enter
Enter Oracle server version (1) Oracle 8.0.5, (2) Oracle 8.0.6, (3) Oracle 8.1.5, (4) Oracle 8.1.6		1Enter
Extract Oracle Client archive	[1] (Yes, extract)	Enter
Enter path to KERNEL CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/KERNEL
Enter path to RDBMS CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/RDBMS
Enter path to EXPORT1 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT1
Directory to copy EXPORT1 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD4_DIR]	Enter
Enter path to EXPORT2 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT2
Directory to copy EXPORT2 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD5_DIR]	Enter
Enter path to EXPORT3 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT3
Directory to copy EXPORT3 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD6_DIR]	Enter
Enter path to EXPORT4 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT4
Directory to copy EXPORT4 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD7_DIR]	Enter
Enter path to EXPORT5 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT5
Directory to copy EXPORT5 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD8_DIR]	Enter
Enter path to EXPORT6 CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT6
Directory to copy EXPORT6 CD	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD9_DIR]	Enter
Enter amount of RAM for SAP + DB		850Enter (in Megabytes)
Service Entry Message Server	[3600]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of sapsys	[101]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of oper	[102]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of dba	[100]	Enter
Enter User-ID of `sid`adm	[1000]	Enter
Enter User-ID of ora`sid`	[1002]	Enter
Number of parallel procs	[2]	Enter

Вопрос	Стандартное значение	Ответ
Enter SAP System ID	[C11]	PRDEnter
Enter SAP Instance Number	[00]	Enter
Enter SAPMOUNT Directory	[/sapmnt]	Enter
Enter name of SAP central host	[majestix]	Enter
Enter Database System ID	[PRD]	PRDEnter
Enter name of SAP db host	[majestix]	Enter
Select character set	[1] (WE8DEC)	Enter
Enter Oracle server version (2) Oracle 8.1.7		2Enter
Extract Oracle Client archive	[1] (Yes, extract)	Enter
Enter path to KERNEL CD	[/sapcd]	/oracle/PRD/sapreorg/KERNEL
Enter amount of RAM for SAP + DB	2044	1800Enter (in Megabytes)
Service Entry Message Server	[3600]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of sapsys	[100]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of oper	[101]	Enter
Enter Group-ID of dba	[102]	Enter
Enter User-ID of `oraprd`	[1002]	Enter
Enter User-ID of `prdadm`	[1000]	Enter
LDAP support		3Enter (no support)
Installation step completed	[1] (continue)	Enter
Choose installation service	[1] (DB inst,file)	Enter

Вопрос	Ответ
Enter Password for sapr3	sapEnter
Confirum Password for sapr3	sapEnter
Enter Password for sys	change_on_installEnter
Confirm Password for sys	change_on_installEnter
Enter Password for system	managerEnter
Confirm Password for system	managerEnter

Задача	Транзакция
Сконфигурируйте систему передачи, например, как Stand-Alone Transport Domain Entity	STMS
Создайте/Отредактируйте профиль для системы	RZ10
Сконфигурируйте режимы работы и экземпляры	RZ04

Имя	Значение
ztta/roll_extension	250000000
abap/heap_area_dia	300000000
abap/heap_area_nondia	400000000
em/initial_size_MB	256
em/blocksize_kB	1024
ipc/shm_psize_40	70000000

`/etc`	Основные файлы конфигурации системы. Тут размещены системно-зависимые данные.
`/etc/defaults`	Версии системных конфигурационных файлов по умолчанию.
`/etc/mail`	Дополнительные конфигурационные файлы sendmail(8), другие конфигурационные файлы MTA.
`/etc/ppp`	Настройка для user- и kernel-ppp программ.
`/etc/namedb`	Основное место расположения данных named(8). Обычно `named.conf` и файлы зон расположены здесь.
`/usr/local/etc`	Конфигурационные файлы установленных приложений. Могут содержать подкаталоги приложений.
`/usr/local/etc/rc.d`	Скрипты запуска/остановки установленных приложений.
`/var/db`	Автоматически генерируемые системно-специфичные файлы баз данных, такие как база данных пакетов, и так далее